Language of Medicine Chapter 3
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KristinnaC on March 10, 2012
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243 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abdomin/o | abdomen |
| acr/o | extremities, top, extreme point |
| acu/o | sharp, severe, sudden |
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| amni/o | amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus) |
| angi/o | vessel |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arthr/o | joint |
| axill/o | armpit |
| bi/o | life |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| bronch/o | brochial tubes (two tubes, one right and one left, that branch from the trachea to enter the lungs) |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| cardi/o | heart |
| chem/o | drug, chemical |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| chron/o | time |
| col/o | colon (large intestine) |
| cyst/o | urinary bladder |
| encephal/o | brain |
| erythr/o | red |
| hem/o | blood |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hydr/o | water, fluid |
| inguin/o | groin |
| isch/o | to hold back |
| lapar/o | abdomen, abdominal wall |
| laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
| leuk/o | white |
| lymph/o | lymph Lymph, a clear fluid that bathes tissue spaces, is contained in special lymph vessels and nodes throughout the body. |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| morph/o | shape, form |
| muc/o | mucus |
| my/o | muscle |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow Context of usage indicates the meaning intended. |
| necr/o | death (of cells whole body) |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| neur/o | nerve |
| neutr/o | neutrophil (a white blood cell) |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| opthalm/o | eye |
| oste/o | bone |
| ot/o | ear |
| path/o | disease |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| phag/o | to eat, swallow |
| phleb/o | vein |
| plas/o | formation, development |
| pleur/o | pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall) |
| pneumon/o | lungs |
| pulmon/o | lungs |
| radi/o | x-rays |
| rect/o | rectum |
| ren/o | kidney |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| splen/o | spleen |
| staphyl/o | clusters |
| strept/o | twisted chains |
| thorac/o | chest |
| thromb/o | clot |
| tonsill/o | tonsils |
| trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
| ven/o | vein |
| -algia | pain |
| arthralgia | Joint pain |
| otalgia | Ear Pain |
| neuralgia | Nerve Pain |
| myalgia | Muscle Pain |
| -cele | hernia |
| rectocele | Hernia of the rectum |
| cystocele | Hernia of the urinary bladder |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
| thoracentesis | surgical procedure to remove fluid from the chest |
| amniocentesis | surgical procedure to remove fluid from the amnion sac |
| abdominocentesis | surgical procedure to remove fluid for the abdomen |
| -coccus | berry-shaped bacterium (plural: bacteria) |
| streptococcus | berry-shaped bacteria grown in twisted chains |
| staphylococci | berry-shaped bacterium grown in clusters |
| -cyte | cell |
| erythrocyte | Red blood cell |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| thrombocyte | clotting blood cell |
| -dynia | pain |
| pleurodynia | Pain in the chest wall muscles that is aggravated by breathing |
| -ectomy | excision, removal, resection |
| laryngectomy | removal of the larynx |
| mastectomy | removal of the breast |
| -emia | blood condition |
| anemia | condition of no blood |
| ischemia | condition of holding back |
| -genesis | condition of producing, forming |
| carcinogenesis | Producing cancer; cancer forming |
| pathogenesis | producing disease, disease forming |
| angiogenesis | forming vessels |
| -gram | record |
| electoencephalogram | record of electricity in the brain |
| myelogram | Myel/o means spinal cord in theis term, This is an x-ray record taken after injection of contrast material into membranes (menenges) surrounding the spinal cord. |
| mammogram | Record of the breast |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| electroencephalograph | instrument of recording electricity in the brain |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| electroencephalography | process of recording electricity in the brain |
| angiography | process of recording vessels |
| -itis | inflamation |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchial tube |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| thrombophlebitis | Inflammation of a vein from a clot. Also called phlebitis. |
| -logy | study of |
| ophthalmology | Study of the eye |
| morphology | Study of shape or form |
| -lysis | breakdown, destruction, separation |
| hemolysis | Breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin. |
| -malacia | softening |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
| chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| -oma | tumor, mass, collection of fluid |
| myoma | Muscle tumor |
| myosarcoma | Tumor of the flesh and muscle |
| multiple myeloma | Many tumors in the bone marrow |
| hematoma | Mass of blood |
| -opsy | to view |
| biopsy | to view life |
| necropsy | This is an autopsy or postmortem examination |
| -osis | condition, usually abnormal |
| necrosis | Condition of death (tissue) |
| hydronephrosis | Condition of fluid in the kidney |
| leukocytosis | abnormal Condition of white blood cells |
| -pathy | disease condition |
| cardiomyopathy | Disease condition of the heart muscle |
| -penia | deficiency |
| erythropenia | deficient in red blood cells |
| neutropenia | Deficient in neutrophils |
| thrombocytopenia | Deficient in clotting cells |
| -phobia | fear |
| acrophobia | Fear of heights. Acr/o means extremities, in the sense of extreme or far points. |
| agoraphobia | An anxiety disorder marked by fear of venturing out into a crowded place. Agora means marketplace. |
| -plasia | develepment, formation, growth |
| achondroplasia | Without development of cartilage |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| angioplasty | Surgical repair of a vessel |
| -ptosis | falling, dropping, prolapse |
| blepharoptosis | Falling (drooping) of an eyelid |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the artery |
| -scope | instrument for visual examination |
| laparoscope | Instrument for visual examination of the abdomen |
| -scopy | process of visual examination (with an endoscope) |
| laparoscopy | process of visual examination of the abdomen with an instrument |
| -stasis | stopping, controlling |
| metastasis | Beyond stopping/controlling. The spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or location |
| hemostasis | Controlling/stopping the flow of blood |
| -stomy | opening to form a mouth (stoma) |
| colostomy | Opening to form a mouth to the outside of the body through the colon |
| tracheostomy | Opening to form a mouth to the outside of the body through the trachea |
| -thearpy | treatment |
| hydrotherapy | water treatment |
| chemotherapy | chemical treatment |
| radiotherapy | Radiation treatment |
| -tomy | incision, cutting into |
| laparotomy | Cutting into the abdomen |
| phlebotomy | Incision into the vein |
| tracheotomy | Cutting into the trachea |
| -trophy | development nourishment |
| hypertrophy | Excessive development. Cells increase in size, not number. Muscles of weight lifters often hypertrophy |
| atrophy | No development. Cells decrease in size. Muscles atrophy when immobilized in a cast and not in use. |
| -er | one who |
| radiographer | A technologist who assists in making of diagnostic x-ray pictures. |
| -ia | condition |
| leukemia | Condition of the white blood cells |
| pneumonia | Condition of the lungs |
| -ist | specialist |
| nephrologist | Specialist of the study of the kidneys |
| -ole | little, small |
| arteriole | small artery |
| -ule | little, small |
| venule | small vein |
| -um, -ium | structure, tissue |
| pericardium | This membrane surrounds the heart. |
| -us | structure, substance |
| mucus | subtance |
| esophagus | Eso- means within or inward. |
| -y | condition, process |
| nephropathy | Disease condition of the kidney |
| -ac, -iac | pertaining to |
| cardiac | Pertaining to the heart |
| -al | pertaining to |
| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum |
| inguinal | pertaining to the groin |
| pleural | pertaining to the pleura |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| tonsillar | pertaining to the tonsils |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs |
| axillary | pertaining to the armpit |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| laryngeal | pertaining to the larnx |
| -genic | pertaining to producing, produced by, or in |
| carcinogenic | cancer producing |
| osteogenic | An osteogenic sarcoma is a malignant tumor produced in bone. |
| -ic, -ical | pertaining to |
| chronic | Pertaining to time (long) Acute is the opposite of chronic. It describes a disease that is of rapid onset and has severe symptoms and brief duration. |
| pathologic | Pertaining to disease |
| -oid | resembling |
| adenoids | Resembling glands. Small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx near the nose and the nasal passages |
| mucoid | resembling mucous |
| -ose | pertaining to, full of |
| adipose | Full of fat |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| mucous membrane | Pertaining to the Mucous membranes produce the sticky secretion called mucus (a noun). |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| necrotic | pertaining to death |
| Streptococcus | a berry-shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains |
| Staphylococci | other berry shaped bacteria, grows in small clusters |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells. made in bone marrow. carry oxygen from lungs through the blood to all body cells. first type of cell |
| Hemoglobin (globin=protein) | an important protein in erythrocytes, carries oxygen through the bloodstream |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells. 5 different kinds: 3 granulocytes (or polymorphonuclear cells, and 2 mononuclear cells. second type of cell |
| Granulocytes | contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm. Have multilobed nucleus. Formed in bone marrow. There are 3 types: |
| 1. Eosinophils | increase in number in allergic conditions. apx 3% of leukocytes are these |
| 2. Basophils | increase in number in the healing phase of inflammation. Less than 1% of leukocytes are these. |
| 3. Neutrophils | disease fighting cells. They are: phagocytes (phag/o=eating, swallowing) they engulf and digest bacteria. Most numerous disease-fighting "soldiers" 50%-60% of leukocytes are these. Also referred to as: polymorphonuclear leukocytes |
| Mononuclear leukocytes | agranulocytes. 1 large nucleus. few granules in cytoplasm. Produced in bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. 2 types: Lymphocytes & Monocytes |
| 4. Lymphocytes | (lymph cells) fight disease by producing antibodies. 2 types of lymphocytes are T cells & B cells. apx 32% of leukocytes are these. |
| 5. Monocytes | cells with 1 very large nucleus engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attached foreign cells. leave bloodstream & enter tissues to become macrophages (large phagocytes) 4% of leukocytes are these |
| Thrombocytes (platelets) | clotting cells. tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow & necessary for clotting. Third type of cell |
| N L M E B | Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkey (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil) |
| Ischemia | Occurs when blood flow to tissues is not sufficient. This conditions deprives cells of oxygen and, if not reversed, leads to tissue death |
| Hemostat | Surgical clamp |
| Atherosclerosis | Deposits of fat collect in the artery |
| Etiology | Study of cause |
| Necropsy | To view death |
| Hernia | Protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it |
| Hiatial Hernia | Occurs when the stomach prorudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm |
| Inguinal Herna | Occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly in the scrotal sac in the male |
| Omphalocele | Herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the naval occurring in infants at birth |
| Amnion | The sac (membrane) that surrounds the embryo in the uterus |
| Streptococcus | A berry shapped bacterium grows in twisted chains. Causes conditions as "Strep throat," tonsillitis, rheumatic fever and certain kidney ailments. Other causes are infections in teeth, sinuses and in the valves of the heart |
| Staphylococci | Berry shaped bacteria that grows in small clusters, like grapes. Staph lesions may be external or internal. An abscess is a collection of pus, white blood cells and protein |
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