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Homeostasis The process by which an organism's internal enviroment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external enviroment. Osteoporosis A condition in which a body's bone becomes weak and may break more easily. Simple Fracture A closed fracture, in which a bone is broken but does not pierce through the skin. Compound Fracture An open fracture, in which a bone is broken and where the bone pierces the skin. Sprain A stretch or tear of a ligament. Dislocation A situation where the end of a joint comes out of the joint. Arthritis A diease of the joints that makes movement painful. Involuntary Muscle Muscle that works without a person's control; automatically. Voluntary Muscle Muscle that is under a person's control. Skeletal Muscle Muscle attached to bones and provide the force needed to move your bones. Striated Muscle Muscle that is somewhat banded. Smooth Muscle Muscle inside of organs. Cardiac Muscle Muscle tissue that is only found in the heart. Melanin A pigment that gives skin color. Pores Surface openings on the skin where sweat glands release. Tendons Strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Ligament Strong connective tissue that holds bones together in movable joints Cartilage A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together Marrow Connective tissue inside bones that produces red and white blood cells. X-Ray A type of radiation that can go through many solid substances, allowing hidden objects such as bones and organs in the body to be photographed MRI A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue. Calcium A mineral important to blood clotting and the functioning of the nervous system. It is an essential ingredient in the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth. Vitamin D A vitamin that helps calcium get into bones; made in skin when exposed to UV rays. Stress A body's reaction to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events Joints Places where bones connect: hinge, pivot, gliding, ball and socket, and saddle. Hinge Joint A joint where the bone is able to move forward and backward. Some examples are the: elbow, knee, and fingers. Pivot Joint A joint where a bone is able to rotate around another bone. Some examples are the: radius and ulna, and the neck. Gliding Joint A joint where the bone is able to slide across another bone. Some examples are the: wrist and ankle. Ball and Socket Joint A joint where the bone is able to freely move in a circle. This joint also has the most flexibility out of the other joints in the body. Some examples are the: shoulders and hips. Saddle Joint A joint where the ability of the gliding and hinge joint is combined. An example would be the: thumb. Functions of the Skin Protecting the Body from diease; Maintaining Body Tempurature through use of blood vessels; Eliminating Wastes by sweating broken down cellular proteins; Gathering Information through nerves telling the body about pressure, pain, and tempurature; and Vitamin D Production which helps absorbtion of calcium. Epidermis The outer layer of the skin, which is thin and is made of a layer of dead skin cells that cushions the Dermis. It also produces melanin. Dermis The inner layer of the skin, which contains neres, blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, and oil glands. Functions of the Skeleton Protection of Organs like the brain, heart, lungs, etc; Enables the Body to Move through joints; Determines Shape and Support the Body; and Produces and Stores Minerals like white blood cells, calcium, and phosphorus.