W&C Chapter 2
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MissKefgen on March 12, 2012
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 evaporation | the process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor |
| clouds | form during part of the water cycle known as condensation |
| humidity | the measure of the amount of water vapor in the air |
| relative humidity | the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum anount the air could hold |
| psychrometer | a tool used to measure relative humidity |
| clouds | form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water or ice crystals |
| dust, smoke, salt crystals | tiny solid particles that must be present for water vapor to condense onto |
| Three main types of clouds classified by meteorologists | cumulus, stratus, and cirrus |
| cumulus | clouds that look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton |
| cumulus | means "heap" or "mass" |
| cumulus | cloud that forms less than 2 km above the ground but can grow up to 18 km; usually indicates fair weather |
| clouds are classified by | altitude and shape |
| nimbus or nimbo | a suffix or prefix meaning "rain" |
| stratus | cloud that forms flat layers, means "spread out", usually covering most or all of the sky |
| nimbostratus | a thick cloud that produces drizzle, rain or snow |
| cirrus | wispy, feathery clouds formed only at high levels above 6 km where temperatures are very low |
| precipitation | any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface |
| Five common types of precipitation are | rain, sleet, freezing rain, hail and snow |
| rain | most common type of precipitation and at least 0.5 millimeters in diameter |
| sleet | raindrops that fall through a layer of freezing air (0 C) & turn into solid ice particles |
| freezing rain | rain that freezes when it touches a cold surface |
| hail | round pellets of ice larger than 5 millimeters in diameter |
| dew point | the temperature at which water vapor condenses |
| air pressure | All winds are caused by the difference in |
| anemometer | A(n) is an instrument used to measure wind speed. |
| corioulis effect | This is responsible for deflecting the wind as the earth rotates |
| doldrums | a calm area with little or no wind at the equator |
| equator | 0 degrees latitude |
| global winds | Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances |
| horse latitudes | Calm areas located around 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S. |
| jet stream | A band of high speed winds found about 10km about the Earth's surface |
| land breeze | Wind that goes from land to a body of water |
| latitude | We live around 42 degrees N. What is this called? |
| local wind | Winds that blow over short distances |
| monsoon | Sea & land breezes that change directions with the seasons |
| polar easterlies | A wind that occurs in the North and South Poles. |
| poles | 90 degrees N & 90 degrees S are also known as these |
| prevailing westerlies | A wind belt that occurs in the mid-latitudes. (We live in this area). |
| sea breeze | Wind that goes from a body of water to the land |
| trade winds | A wind belt that occurs between the horse latitudes and the doldrums |
| Unequal heating | This causes a difference in air pressure all over the Earth's surface |
| wind | Air that moves from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure |
| wind chill factor | The increase cooling that a wind can cause |
| infrared radiation | form of electromagnetic energy that has wavelengths longer than red light |
| infrared radiation | radiation felt as heat |
| ultraviolet radiation | form of electromagnetic energy that has wavelengths that are shorter than visible light |
| ultraviolet radiation | radiation that causes sunburn |
| ultraviolet radiation | radiation that is higher energy than visible light |
| infrared radiation | radiation that is lower energy than visible light |
| electromagnetic radiation | energy from the sun that travels through space to the Earth |
| radiation | direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| greenhouse effect | process by which gases hold heat in the air |
| temperature | average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a substance |
| thermal energy | total energy of motion in the particles of a substance |
| conduction | The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching |
| convection | transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid |
| convection currents | movement of air (or other fluids) because cooler, denser air sinks and warmer, less dense air rises |
| thermometer | instrument used to measure air temperature |
| heat | transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a difference in temperature |
| 1) radiation, 2) conduction, 3) convection | Name three ways that heat can be transferred. |
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