Random but Essential 081109
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Created by:
minnamoose on August 11, 2009
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 examples of monosaccharides | glucose and fructose |
| sugars always have one ______ group | carbonyl |
| if you have a carbonyl group at the end of the chain, u have _________ | an aldehyde |
| if u have a sugar on one of the middle carbons, u have _______ | a ketone |
| what are the covalent bonds that join larger sugars called? | glycosidic linkages |
| maltose | disaccharide formed by joining two glucose molecules together |
| fructose | disaccharide formed by joining glucose and fructose together |
| examples of polysaccharides | glycogen, starch, cellulose |
| triglyceride | three fatty acids joined by ester linkages to one glycerol molecule |
| phospholipids contain | glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing alcohol like lecithin |
| waxes | esters of fatty acids and alcohols |
| steroids | three fused cyclohexane rings and one fused cyclopentane ring |
| examples of steroids | cholesterol in membranes, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, bile |
| carotenoids | containe conjugated double bonds and carry six-membered c arbon rings at each end |
| hormonal protein | function: chemical messengers>insulin, glucagon |
| transport protein | function: transport of other substances>hemoglobin, carrier proteins |
| structural prtoein | function: physical support>collagen |
| contractile protein | function: movement>actin, myosin |
| antibodies | function: immune defense>immunoglobins |
| enzyme proteins | biological catalysts>amylase, lipase, ATPase |
| glycine | smallest side chain, with only a hydrogen |
| tryptophan, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine and valine | hydrophobic side chains |
| aspartate and glutamate | carboxylic acid side chains that are deprotonated to have a negative charge at normal body pH |
| lysine and arginine | basic amine groups that accept protons at normal body pH levels |
| serine, threonine and tyrosine | have hydroxyl grorups that can be modified with phosphate groups to regulate the activity of proteins |
| cysteine | has a sulfhydryl group that will reat with other cysteins in a protein to crreate disulfide bridges that stabilize protein structure |
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