| Term | Definition |
|---|
| effects for: ACE Inhibitors | Effects: Blocks the conversion of Angiotension I into Angiotension II. Results in reduction in aldosterone secretion and decrease BP |
| side effects for: Ace Inhibitors | N/V/D, orthostatic hypotension, neutropenia, nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, chronic caugh |
| Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers effects: | by blocking Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors, both veins and arteries dilate resulting in decrease BP |
| Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers side effects: | orthostatic hypotension, syncope, reflexive tachycardia |
| Alpha 2 Antagonist (centrally acting) effects: | stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the brain stem resulting in decreased sympathetic tone resulting in decrease HR and vasoconstriction resulting in decrease BP |
| Alpha 2 Antagonist (centrally acting) side effects: | depression, altered urine color, drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, rash |
| Angiotensinogen II Receptor Blocker effects: | blocks the effects vasocontrictive sodium retaining effects and of Angiotensin II |
| Angiotensinogen II Receptor Blocker side effects: | HA, orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia |
| Beta blockers effects: | blocks beta I receptors in the heart. resulting in decrease BP, HR & Renin release |
| Beta blockers side effects: | bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, wheezing, can causehypoglycemia in diabetic patients |
| Calcium Channel Blockers effects: | Inhibits movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane, resulting in decrease BP, HR, arrhythmias, relaxation of smoothe muscles in blood vessels resulting in vasodilation |
| Calcium Channel side effect: | Hypotension, syncope, bradycardia, edema |
| Direct Vasodilators effects: | These medications cause a direct dilation of arterial smooth muscle, resulting in decrease BP |
| Direct Vasodilators side effects: | Tachycardia, increases in renin release, H20 and sodium retention, orthostatic hypotension, fever, chills, joint pains, muscle pains, skin eruptions |
| Loop Diuretics (Bumex/Lasix) effects: | Inhabits sodium and chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle resulting in increase urine production and brisk diuresis |
| Loop Diuretics (Bumex/Lasix) side effects: | Dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, hypokalemia, GI irritation and abdominal pain. Hypokalemia can lead to digital toxictiy in paitents taking Digitals. |
| Thiazide Diuretics effects: | Thiazides have a direct vasodilation effect on the peripheral arteriols as well as bloking sodium and chloride reabsorption from the tubule. Unabsorbed sodium and chloride pull H20 along, resulting in diuresis |
| Thiazide Diuretics side effects: | Orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, N/V/D, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hives, rash. Hypokalemia can lead to digitalis toxicity in patients taking Digitalis |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics effects: | MOA is unknown. But thought to act on the distal renal tubule to retain potassium, excrete sodium resuliting in mild diuresis |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics side effects: | HA, vomiting dehydration, hyperkalemia. Watch out for patients taking potassium supplements |
| Digitalis Glycosides effects: | Increase FOC(+Inotrope), decreases HR(-Chronotrope) |
| Digitalis Glycosides side effects: | Digoxin Toxicity:Green/Yellow Halos, bradycardia, development of heart blocks, arrhythmias, hypokalemia |
| Nitrates effects: | Relaxation of peripheral vascular smooth muscles, reduction in preload and afterload, decreases MVO2 demand on the heart and increase O2 delivery to the heart by dilation ocf coronary arteries |
| Nitrates side effects: | Hypotension, HA Tolerance to NTG can develop quite quickly; the smallest effective dose should be used. |
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