Ch 5 Biology 1
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Created by:
JCHSShepherd on March 12, 2012
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell cycle | the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells |
| mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
| cytokinesis | the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
| chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
| chromatin | loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase |
| chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis |
| prophase | first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell |
| metaphase | second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator |
| anaphase | third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| cancer | common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division |
| benign | having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous |
| malignant | cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism's health |
| metastasize | to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body |
| carcinogens | substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer |
| asexual reproduction | the creation of offspring from a single parent and does not involve the joining of gametes |
| binary fission | the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism by division into two roughly equal parts |
| cell differentiation | the process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and functions |
| stem cells | cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated |
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