Chapter 3 and 14 States of Matter and Thermal Energy and Heat
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume |
| Crystalline solid | A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern |
| Amorphous Solid | A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern |
| Conduction | Heat transfer by direct contact |
| Conduction current | caused by the expansion of a liquid, solid, or gas as its temperature rises |
| viscosity | A liquid's resistance to flowing |
| gas | A state of matter which has no definite shape or volume |
| freezing | the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid |
| evaporation | vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid |
| Boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| sublimation | The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state |
| melting point | the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| vaporization | the change of state from a liquid to a gas; includes boiling and evaporation |
| boiling | The process that occurs when vaporization takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface. |
| condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid. |
| Liquid | a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container |
| Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter |
| Thermal energy | the total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| Thermal Expansion | Matter tends to expand as it gets hotter Particles speed up and move further apart (expand) Matter will contract when they cool Particles slow down and move closer together |
| Fahrenheit scale | a temperature scale that defines the freezing point of water as 32 degrees and the boiling point of water a 212 degrees |
| Celsius scale | a temperature scale that defines the freezing point of water as 0 degrees and the boiling point of water as 100 degrees |
| Kelvin scale | a temperature scale that defines absolute zero as 0 degrees |
| Absolute zero | The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached. It is the hypothetical temperature at which all molecular motion stops. |
| Heat | a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature |
| Specific heat | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius |
| Convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of currents |
| Radiation | energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles |
| Conductor | a substance that readily conducts heat |
| Insulator | a material that does not allow heat or to move through it easily |
| Melting | the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid |
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