Burton Chem 4 - ch. 10
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 radioactive decay | the disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus into one or more different nuclides. |
| nuclear radiation | the particles and energy that are radiated out from a nucleus during radioactive decay. |
| alpha-particle | a positively charged particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons and that is emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay. |
| beta-particle | an electron or positron that is emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay. |
| half-life | the time required for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope. |
| gamma rays | the high-energy photon emitted by a nucleus during radioactive decay and fission. |
| fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts, where it then releases neutrons and energy. |
| nuclear chain reaction | a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions. |
| critical mass | the minimum mass/amount of a fissionable isotope that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction. |
| fusion | nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus the process in which light nuclei combine at extremely high temperatures, forming heavier nuclei and releasing energy. |
| radioactive tracer | short-lived isotopes that tend to concentrate in affected cells and are used to locate tumors (widely used in medicine); a radioactive substance that is added to a substance so that its distribution can be detected later. |
| transmutation | when one element changes into another |
| atomic bombardment | when any atom is bombarded by subatomic particles (protons and neutrons). |
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