CATHOLIC
There are two types of punishment after death: temporal (temporary) and eternal. If a person dies with just one "mortal" sin on his soul he will be condemned to Hell for eternity. If he dies with only "venial" sins on his soul he will be sent to Purgatory, perhaps for millions of years.
Purgatory is exactly like Hell except that it doesn't last forever. Eventually, the person will be released and enter heaven.
CATHOLIC
Anyone who denies the authority of the pope despises the one who appointed him (i.e., Christ) and therefore despises the one who sent Christ, (i.e., God the Father).
CATHOLIC
There are two types of sin: mortal and venial.
A particular sin is either mortal or venial, depending on the severity. (For instance, stealing one dollar from a rich man would probably be a venial sin.)
CATHOLIC
Mary is the "spiritual mother" of all men.
3 True/False Questions
PROTESTANT
We are justified (saved) by faith alone, not by good works. Good works will result in greater rewards in the afterlife but have no effect on getting saved. This "faith" means relying on Jesus' sacrifice as full atonement for our sins and trusting in God enough to try to live as he said to live. It is not mere intellectual belief in a set of facts. → CATHOLIC
When a person gets baptized his "original sin" is forgiven and God gives him some grace. This grace enables him to do good works. God appreciates the good works and rewards them with more grace. Because the Christian has more grace, he can now do even better works. This pleases God even more, so He gives even more grace, etc.
PROTESTANT
The Old and New Testaments are the only sources of Christian doctrine. → CATHOLIC
The pope is Jesus' representative on Earth.
PROTESTANT
The pope speaks for no one. → CATHOLIC
The pope speaks for all Christians.