23 terms

Terms	Definitions
DNA	the primary chemical component of chromosomes and the material of which genes are made
Gene	material that parents pass to offspring and determines traits
Chromosome	a continuous piece of DNA that contains many genes and regulatory elements
Gene regulator	turns genes on and off
mRNA	carries the message that will be translated to form a protein
rRNA	forms parts of ribosomes where proteins are made
tRNA	brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome
Promoter	turns genes on and off
Coding region	encodes information for protein to produce
Termination sequence	Signals end of gene
RNA Polymerase	an enzyme that is responsible for reading the DNA code and building the mRNA strand
Codon	three base pairs that code for a particular amino acid
Anticodon	three nucleotides that are complementary to a codon
Nucleotide	Base pair
Replication	when DNA duplicates
Transcription	when mRNA creates a transcript from a coding section of DNA
Translation	when the ribosome(rRNA), mRNA and tRNA synthesize protein by linking amino acids
Reading frame	the base pairs that are read between the start and stop codons
Purine	larger base pair (Adenine, Guanine)
Pyrimidine	smaller base pair (Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil)
Mutation	a change in an organism's DNA
DNA Polymerase	the enzyme that attaches new nucleotides to the "unzipped" DNA strand
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