| Term | Definition |
| addends | numbers being added |
| counting numbers | numbers used to count, starting with one or natural numbers |
| associative property | grouping of addends does not change the sum |
| commutative property | changing order of factors does not change the product |
| dividend | number that is divided, inside the house |
| divisor | number by which another number is divided, outside the house |
| subtrahend | number that is subtracted, bottom number |
| quotient | answer to division |
| minuend | number from which another number is subtracted, top number |
| natural number | counting numbers |
| evaluate | find the answer to an expression with variables |
| factors | numbers being multiplied |
| fact family | a group of three numbers related by add, sub, mult, div |
| identity property of addition | sum of a number and zero equals the initial number |
| operation of arithmetic | addition, subtraction, multiplication, division |
| product | result of mult. |
| sum | answer to addition |
| variable | letter used to represent an unknown |
| whole number | numbers of a set starting with zero |
| additive identity | number zero |
| decimal point | symbol in a decimal number used for place value |
| difference | answer to subtraction |
| compare | looking at two numbers to find out which one is greater |
| geometric sequence | pattern using multiplication |
| zero property of multiplication | any number times zero is zero |
| equation | using an equal sign to show quantities that are equal |
| inverse operation | operations that undo each other |
| multiplicative identity | mult. one by a number, the number stays the same |
| integers | numbers on number line; negative, zero, positive |
| negative numbers | numbers less than zero |
| number line | shows negative numbers, zero, and positive numbers |
| origin | zero |
| perfect squares | the product when a whole number is mult. by itself |
| positive numbers | numbers greater than zero |
| sequence | list of number arranged in a certain order |
| terms | one or more variables in an algebraic expression |