Religion Ch. 13 and 15
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pope Alexander VI | asked explorers to evangelize, missionaries were eventually sent to all nations |
| Antonio Montesino | Christian missionary who defended rights of America's native peoples (A) |
| Bartolome de las Casas | Christian missionary who defended rights of America's native peoples (B) |
| Spanish missionaries | Brought the faith to the Phillipines |
| Francis Xavier | Jesuit missionary who brought faith to Japan and India |
| Saint Augustine, FL | First Catholic settlement in U.S. |
| George Calvert | Convert to Catholic faith who saw how bad they were being treated and asked King Charles I for Catholic colony |
| William Penn | Founder of Pensyllvania, religious refuge for Quakers, Amish, Mennonites, and Catholics |
| Pope Gregory XV | Founded Congregation for the Propogation of the Faith |
| John Carroll | "Superior of the mission" appointed by Pope Pius VI as first bishop of Baltimore, founded Georgetown University |
| Scientific Revolution | Time when people began to seek scientific understanding for workings of universe, caused many problems for Church, telescope and miscroscope invented |
| Galileo Galilei | Proved that the Earth revolves around the Sun, and not the other way around, as was generally believed- condemned by the Church for being against the Bible |
| Isaac Newton | Discovered law of universal gravitation |
| William Harvey | An English physician who discovered the circulation of blood |
| Absolute Authority of Critical Reason | Humans can know all truths, determine all rules, and solve all problems through reason |
| The Enlightenment | A time in which some thinkers portayed faith as a weakness, refusal to think, or something immature |
| Richard Simon | Wrote book about difference of religious and scientific truths |
| Secularization | The belief that religious faith had no place in society, science, or government |
| Deists | Do not believe in the Bible or revelation, Believe in supreme Being based on reason alone, Believe God has no interest in his creation, Believe God is the Great Architect, Kingdom of Heaven is on Earth |
| Congress of Vienna | Re-established Church's rule over papal states and sent rulers all over Italy |
| Pope Pius IX | called First Vatican Council in Rome- never happened because Italian troops took Papal States and Rome "Prisoner of the Vatican", laity look to him |
| Papal infallability | the divine guarantee that the pope's official statements of doctrine regarding faith and morals are free from error |
| Otto von Bismarck | United many states as German empire, but began persecution against Catholics |
| Industrialization | Workers taken advantage of and conditions dangerous |
| Karl Marx | German philosopher who said religion gave unreal illusion of world |
| Pope Leo XIII | Taught Church's social teachings in 85 ecyclicals |
| Rerum Novarum | Pope Leo XIII's encyclical "Of New Things- applied traditional doctrines to modern world, right to just wage, form trade unions, protect workers rights |
| Pope Pius X | Children should receive Eucharist as soon as they understand presence of Christ, people should receive Eucharist very often, revival of Gregorian chant, teaching of priests, active participation of parishioners, simple homilies |
| John Bosco | Began Society of St. Francis de Sales, and with Mary Mazzarello began Daughters of Mary, Help of Christians |
| Cornelia Connelly | Began Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus |
| Catherine McAuley | Began Sisters of Mercy |
| Frances Xavier Cabrini | Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus |
| Katharine Drexel | Began Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament |
| Benedict Joseph Flaglet | Bishop of Bardstown, Kentucky and did missionary work |
| John England | Started first Catholic newspaper |
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