1.
3 Effects of Chronic Bronchitis: Increased mucous production, Impaired airway clearance, Irreversible narrowing on the alveoli
2.
3 Important Actions of Glucorticoids: Ant-inflammatory
Anti-allergic
Anti-stress
3.
A child in the early stages of impaired gas exchange often experiences which of the following diagnoses as well?: Anxiety related to hypoxia
4.
A client with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the acute care unit. The client is not short of breath but is experiencing dyspnea on exertion and states that it is becoming more difficult to breathe. In order to plan care, the nurse interprets the client's signs and symptoms as indicating which stage of COPD?: Stage II
5.
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been hospitalized in the respiratory intensive care unit because of an acute exacerbation of COPD. Arterial blood gas analyses of the client's three samples from earlier in the day show increasing hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The nurse will observe the client closely for indications of impending respiratory failure, which would be:: Decreased level of consciousness.
6.
A client with hypertension asks the nurse what can be done to relieve the symptoms associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse recommends which of the following?: Use an over-the-counter nasal spray for no more than 3 days to relieve congestion.
7.
A drop in oxygen saturation, increased cyanosis, or altered LOC indicates: Hypoxemia
8.
Abruptly stopping If glucocorticoids therapy can cause:: An Adrenal crisis!
9.
Adult RSV risk factors: Older adults. Chronic pulmonary disease, and CHF
10.
After administration of Bronchodilators, the nurse expects to see:: Decreased wheezing, Relief of coughing, increased ease in breathing, increase activity tolerance
11.
Anticholinergic Side Effects: Dizziness, headaches, excitemnt, cough, urinary retention, dry mouth, irritability, delayed GI motility
12.
Anticholinergics: block parasympathetic response which blocks bronchoconstriction and inflammatory mediators
13.
Apnea: absence of respirations
14.
Atelectasis: collapse of alveoli
15.
Atelectasis: Collaspse of alveoli or section of alveoli
16.
Atrovent: is used in pt.s who do not respond well to beta-a agonists and/or is used along side beta-a agonists. Not useful in treating emergencies, and has greatest therapeutic effect if taken consistently.
17.
Because of their cardiac effect, Beta-adrenergic agonists would be used with extreme caution in a client with a cardiac disorder. What other disease might contraindicate their use?: Diabetes mellitus
18.
Beta-adrenergic agonists: cause a sympathetic response (use with caution in pregnant, elderly, clients with: renal dysfunction, hyperthyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy, hypertension, and Glaucoma) Do NOT take any over the counter drugs without consulting physician
19.
Bronchiolitis: Lower resp. tract illness that occurs when an infecting agent (virus or bacterium) causes inflammation and obstruction of the small airways (bronchioles)> RSV is most common cause!
20.
Bronchodilators: Relax the smooth muscle of the bronchi and open narrowed airways
21.
Can reinfection occur?: Yes!
22.
Causes of Chronic Bronchitis: Cigarette smoking and 2nd hand smoke (main causes), air pollution, infection, allergies
23.
Causes of Emphysema: Smoking, Deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin (plasma protein produced in the liver)
24.
Chronic Airflow limitation results from these 4 factors?: *Loss of Elasticity, Constricted Airways, Increased (mucous) secretions, Inflammation
25.
Chronic Bronchitis: inflammation of the main airways in the lungs.
26.
Chronic Bronchitis Labs/Diagnostics: serum antitrypsin levels (normal: 80-260)
27.
Chronic Bronchitis Labs/Diagnostics: Chest X-ray (hyperinflation)
28.
Chronic Bronchitis Labs/Diagnostics: ABG (decreased PO2 and normal or increased PaCO2)
29.
Chronic Bronchitis Labs/Diagnostics: ECG (atrial arrhythmias)
30.
Chronic Bronchitis Labs/Diagnostics: Pulmonary Function Test (increased residual volume and decreased vital capacity and FEV)
31.
Chronic Bronchitis Labs/Diagnostics: sputum (microorganisms and neutrophils)
32.
Chronic Bronchitis Treatment: Fluid intake up to 3 quarts/day, Chest physiotherapy, postural drainage, Incentive spirometry, O2 therapy at 2-3 L/min., Intubation/ mechanical ventilation
33.
Client teaching for Bronchodilators-seek care IMMEDIATELY if any of these adverse reactions occur?: *Cyanosis, Inability to walk or talk, Lethargy or Confusion, Shortness of Breath, Irregular Heart Rate
34.
Clients taking mast cell stabilizers should be taught to:: -Recognize that most cell stabilers are not for acute attacks.
-Use 15-30 minutes prior to exercise or exposure to cold because this may reduce an ensuing attack.
-Recognize manifestations of a worsening asthma attack
and call a health-care provider if respiratory distress occurs.
35.
Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis: Chronic cough with mucous production, Dyspnea, Tachycardia, narrowed airway passages, wheezing, air trapping
36.
Clinical Manifestations of Emphysema: Air trapping, Possible wheezing, Dyspnea, Barrel chest, pursed-lipped breathing, Posturing
37.
Clinical Therapies for Chronic Bronchitis: Smoking Cessation, Bronchodilators, Corticosteriods, Fluids, elevate head of bed, low-flow O2, monitor ABGs, and Mechanical ventilation
38.
Clinical Therapies for Emphysema: Administer O2 as needed, pursed-lip breathing technique, teach postural changes, low-flow O2, monitor ABGs, Mechanical Ventilation, nutrition assesment
39.
Clinical Therapy for RSV: Isolation. Humidified oxygen using a hood, face tent, mask, or nasal cannula to maintain pulse ox. of greater than 90%. CPAP maybe used w/ moderate-severe.
40.
Common Glucorticoids: Prednisolone (Prelone), Prednisone (Deltasone), Fluticasone (Flovent)
41.
Common Mast Cell Stabilizer: Cromolyn
42.
Contraindications for Glucorticoids: Peptic ulcer disease, severe infections, hepatic dysfunction
43.
Controlled Coughing Technique: Inhale bronchodilator treatment
Cough twice, first to loosen mucus, then to expel it
Inhale by sniffing to prevent mucus from moving back to deep airways
44.
COPD is a broad term used to describe multiple respiratory conditions such as: Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, and Asthma
45.
COPD Stage 1 Mild: May be chronic cough and sputum production, mild airflow limitation, FEV/FVC=<70%, FEV=>80%
46.
COPD Stage 2 Moderate: Increased cough and sputum production, SHOB on exertion, FEV/FCV=<70%, FEV=80-50%
47.
COPD Stage 3 Severe: "worse" cough sputum production, and noticeable SHOB, FEV/FCV=<70%, FEV=50-30%
48.
COPD Stage 4 Very Severe: "severe symptoms" (cough, sputum, SHOB) FEV/FCV=<70%, FEV=<50%, Respiratory failure or clinical signs of heart failure
49.
Dealing w/ parents?: Include them in providing care, teach interventions-helps reduce their anxiety
50.
Diaphragmatic/Abdominal breathing: Place one hand on Abdomen and other on chest
Inhale concentrating on pushing abdomen out while chest remains still
Exhale slowly abdomen moves inward while chest remains still
51.
Discharge instructions for short term Glucocorticoids should include patient teaching on how to?: Taper off of the drug. Abruptly discontinuing can cause Adrenal Crisis (N&V, Diarrhea, Decreasing LOC, Low BP, Dehydration)
52.
Drug Therapy for Chronic Bronchitis: Antibiotics (according to sensitivity)
Bronchodilators
Diuretics
Expectorants
Flu & pneumonia vaccines
Antacids
Steroids
53.
Early signs of (mild) RSV: Rhinorrhea (drainable mucus from nose), cough, irritability, low grade fever for 1-3 days
54.
Effective client teaching for Xanthines should include:: Take the medication at the same time every day
Drink plenty of fluids to thin secretions
Limit caffeine and smoking
Learn the manifestations of toxicity
Report any manifestations of theophylline toxicity to the health-careprovider immediately
55.
Emphysema: a progressive destruction of alveoli (air sacs) and the surrounding tissue that supports the alveoli
56.
Emphysema Assessment Findings: Barel Chest, Thin, Dyspnea, Purse-lip breathing, Anorexia, weight loss, diminished breath sounds, prolonged expiration and finger clubbing
57.
Emphysema Drug Therapy: Antibiotics, Bronchodilators, Expectorants, Vaccines, Alpha-1 antitrypsin therapy
58.
Emphysema Labs/Diagnostics: ABG: ↓ PaO2 w/normal PaCO2 (@ 1st), Chest X-ray: flattened diaphragm; enlarged a/p chest diameter, PFT's: ↑ residual volume
59.
Emphysema Pathophysiology 1: Walls between the alveoli lose their ability to .....: stretch and recoil
60.
Emphysema Pathophysiology 2: Air sacs become...: weakened and break
61.
Emphysema Pathophysiology 3: Elasticity of the lung tissue is lost, causing.....: air to be trapped in the air sacs impairing the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
62.
Emphysema Pathophysiology 4: Support of the airways is lost, allowing for: airflow obstruction
63.
Emphysema Treatment: Chest X-ray, Postural Drainage, Fluids, O2, Nebulizer, Intubation/Mechanical Ventilation
64.
Examples of Long-acting Beta-adrenergic agonists: Serevent, Formoterol
65.
Examples of Short-acting Beta-adrenergic agonists: Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Terbutaline, Pirbuterol
66.
Expected outcomes after using a Bronchodilator include?: *Decreased Wheezing, Relief of Coughing, Increase in breathing and Increased Activity Tolerance
67.
Glucocorticoids have these 3 important actions?: *Anti-inflammatory, Anti-stress, Anti-allergic
68.
Glucorticoids: hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that reduce edema and the release of histamines in the respiratory system by interrupting the inflammatory process.
69.
Glucorticoids Caution: May stunt growth in children if taken long term and may cause osteoporosis in elderly. Long term therapy may cause Cushingoid appearance
70.
How is RSV spread?: Droplets (cough or sneeze), Direct (kiss), Indirect (virus on surfaces)
71.
How to prevent RSV: cover mouth when cough or sneeze, frequent hand washing with soap and water, avoid sharing cups and utensils, refrain from kissing on the mouth
72.
Huff Coughing: Inhale deeply while leaning forward
Exhale sharply with a "huff" sound to help keep airways open while mobilizing secretions
73.
Hypercapnia (elevated PaCO2 levels) is often chronic in clients with...: COPD
74.
If a client is using both a bronchodilator inhaler and a glucocorticoid
inhaler, which inhaler should the nurse tell the client to use first?: Bronchodilator because the bronchi need to be open for the anti-inflammatory to enter and be most effective
75.
If glucocorticoids decrease the inflammatory process and also decrease the immune response, what clinical manifestations will the nurse see in the client?: Absence of manifestations of infection
76.
Impaired Gas Exchange?: Monitor temp. pulse, resp., bp, and pulse ox;
monitor breathing patterns;
Assess for bluish skin; Collect sputum specimen; collect ABG, CBC and chem. levels; Admin. oxygen as ordered
77.
Important pt changes to report include...: changes in oxygen saturation, skin color, or mental status
78.
In clients with chronic hypercapnia increased O2 can lead to...: Somnolence and Acute Respiratory Failure
79.
Indication of severe illness in children?: Lack of play. Most children continue to play despite illness.
80.
Ineffective Airway Clearance?: Monitor temp, pulse, resp., bp, pulse ox;
Auscultate lung sounds; Encourage oral fluids (thin secretions); Suction mouth and nose; Teach parents to suction (bulb syringe), and signs and symptoms, not to smoke;
Admin. meds as ordered
81.
Ineffective Breathing Pattern?: Monitor breathing pattern-rate, rhythm, and quality;
Teach parents to observe breathing patterns;
Inspect and palpate chest for use of accessory muscles;
Assess for tripod stance;
Admin. bronchiodilators and oxygen as ordered
82.
Infants at risk for severe RSV: Under 24 mos. w/ chronic luing disease who have required med. therapy w/ in 6 mos. of RSV season onset. Those w/ congentail heart disease, and preterm infants> reduced immunity
83.
Is a cough with sputum beyond 3-4 days normal?: No, consult a health care professional
84.
Is RSV contagious?: Yes!
85.
Lack of Play: an indication of severe illness in children
86.
Main Cause of Chronic Bronchitis: Cigarette smoking/2nd hand smoking
87.
Manifestations of Xanthine Toxicity are:: CNS stimulation: tremors, headache,
agitation, seizures
GI distress: nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Cardiac stimulation: palpitations,
tachycardia, dysrhythmias
Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia
88.
Mast Cell Stabilizers: Prevents edema, inflammation, and bronchoconstriction. Drug of choice for long term therapy because it lacks side effects of glucorticoids.
89.
May indicate increased need for oxygen?: Use of accessory muscles to breath.
90.
Meds. to treat RSV: Ribavirin-controversial-reserved for severe;
bronchodialtors-controversial; antipyretics; antiboitics-only if bacteria infection
91.
More Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis (more severe): Headaches, bilateral ankle and leg swelling (Corpulmonale), weight gain, edema, JVD, chronic hypoxemia, cyanosis, finger clubbing
92.
Most common Xanthines: Truphylline, Theophylline
93.
Nsg Diagnosis for Chronic Bronchitis: Activity Intolerance, Ineffective Airway Clearance, Ineffective Breathing Pattern
94.
Nsg Diagnosis for Emphysema: Impaired gas exchange
Fatigue
Risk for infection
95.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Put Pt in High Fowler's
96.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Teach purse lipped breathing
97.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Turn, cough, and deep breath client
98.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Monitor sputum characteristics
99.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Monitor I&O
100.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Suctioning
101.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Postural Drainage
102.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Obtain a pulse ox
103.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Obtain ABG levels
104.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Asses respiratory status
105.
Nsg Intervention for Chronic Bronchitis: Administer O2 low flow
106.
Nsg. Interventions for clients on Atrovent therapy: frequent oral care to relieve dry mouth and bitter taste, monitor urinary retention
107.
Nurse care plan for glucocorticoids should include teaching the client to: Regulate activity and control stress
Avoid aspirin (Bayer) and other medications unless directed by a physician
Wear a MedicAlert bracelet
Take oral preparations in the morning
Restrict foods high in sodium and eat foods high in potassium
Take antacids as prescribed
Rinse mouth after use
108.
Nurse Teaching for Chronic Bronchitis: Smoking Cessation, Early S&S of respiratory infection, Use of home 02 and nebulizers, Avoid exposure to chemical irritants and purse lip breathing
109.
Nurse Teaching for Emphysema: Smoking cessation
Using home O2 & nebulizer tx
Breathing exercises
Increase fluids
Avoid sick people
Get vaccinated
Avoid exposure to chemical irritants
110.
Nursing Interventions for Activity Intolerance include: assessing capacity to play, organize care to allow for rest periods
111.
Nursing Interventions for clients taking respiratory drugs?: *#1 MAINTAIN AIRWAY, Establish clients baseline respiratory function before admin of meds, Assess clients understanding of meds, expected effects, and safe home useage.
112.
Nursing interventions for clients using glucocorticoids include monitoring
for:: Hyperglycemia
Hypokalemia
Emotional changes
Muscle weakness
Hypertension
113.
Nursing interventions for Fluid Volume Deficit related to fever and poor oral intake include: Assess for poor skin elasticity, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urinary output, weigh each diaper for accurate output, teach parents to count diapers per day, encourage oral intake, monitor IV fluid rate
114.
Nursing Interventions, Establishing Respiratory Baseline includes assessing?: *Rate, Quality and Auscultation of Breath Sounds, Color of skin and mucous membranes, Activity Tolerance
115.
Priority nursing care for RSV?: Maintaining a clear airway and promoting oxygenation.
116.
Pursed-lipped breathing: Inhale through mouth with nose closed
Exhale slowly, as though whistling or blowing out a candle, making exhalation twice as long as inhalation
117.
Risk Factors for RSV: infants and toddlers who are not breastfed, secondary smoke exposure, day care, live in crowded conditions, socioeconomically disadvantaged
118.
Risk factors for RSV: Infants and toddlers who are not breastfed, live w/ second smoke, attend daycare, live in crowded conditions, and are socioeconomically disadvantaged.
119.
RSV Assessment Findings: wheezing/crackles upon auscultation, diminished breath sounds upon auscultation, impaired gas exchange, and eventually respiratory failure
120.
RSV Diagnostic Tests: nasopharyngeal culture, chest x-ray
121.
RSV incubation period: 2-8 days. The virus is shed by the infected child for 3-8 days.
122.
RSV infects....: the squamous epithelial cells of the bronchioles and alveoli.
123.
RSV is transmitted...: through direct contact with respiratory secretions or indirectly through contaminated surfaces.
124.
RSV Plan of care: Monitoring breathing patterns, maintain patent airway, adequate fluid and caloric intake, support appropriate developmental behavior.
125.
RSV season: Annual epidemics from October to March.
126.
RSV/Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Respiratory virus that infects the lungs and breathing passages by invading the cells of the bronchial mucosa causing the cells to rupture. This ruptured cell debris irritates the airway leading to increased secretions and airway obstruction.
127.
Severe Xanthine Toxicity: Seizures, Ventricular fibrillation
128.
Side Effects of Beta-adrenergic agonists: Increased HR, Hyperglycemia, Anxiety, Nervousness/restlessness, and muscle tremors
129.
Side Effects of Glucorticoids: Hypertension: d/t Na+ and H20 retention
Peptic Ulcer: decreased gastric mucous
Pancreatitis: d/t increased blood glucose levels
Osteoporosis: increased excretion of Ca+
Potassium excretion: r/t Na+ retention
Hirsutism: d/t hormonal effect
Impaired healing: r/t protein catabolism
Ecchymoses: r/t capillary fragillity
Muscle wasting: d/t protein catabolism...........and much more!
130.
Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis: Persistent productive cough (3 mos-2 yrs), Shortness of breath (esp. w/activity), Use of accessory muscles, Fatigue, Wheezing, Frequent respiratory infections
131.
Signs of life threatening illness in the infant with bronchiolitis include: central cyanosis, RR > 70, listlessness, apneic episodes (periods without breathing), hyperinflated chest, very diminished lung sounds
132.
Signs of life-threatening illness: Central cyanosis, resp. rate greater than 70, listlessness, and apneic episodes. The chest is hyperinflated and air exchange is so poor that breath sounds are very diminished on auscultation.
133.
Signs of serious RSV: Irratibility, excessive coughing, wheezing, and observable retractions of the ribcage. Nasal flaring, rapid resp. rate, blue skin, listlessness, and periods w/out breathing.
134.
Stance that indicates resp. distress?: Tripod stance
135.
Syncytia: Large masses of cells created by infected cells merging w/ adjacent cells. Syncytia-burst and die-clogging the minute airways of the lower resp. tract.
136.
The action of Anticolinergic Drugs is to?: *Block Acetylcholine (Parasympathetic Neurotransmitter) at the receptor sites
137.
The most common anticholinergic bronchodilator is :: Impratropium bromide (Atrovent)
138.
The most severe cases are in what age group?: Children six months or younger
139.
The nurse determines that an appropriate goal for a client with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is which of the following?: Client will maintain oxygen saturation of 90% or greater.
140.
The nurse has taught pursed-lipped breathing to a client who has been newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following statements, if made to the nurse by the client, would indicate that the instruction has been successful?: "When I exhale, I pretend I'm blowing out a candle."
141.
The nurse is caring for a 75-year-old client with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse monitors this client closely for which of the following?: Pneumonitis
142.
The nurse is preparing to discharge a frail infant from the nursery to home in October. Which of the following instructions to the parents is a priority? (Select all that apply.): Keep anyone with a cold away from the infant.
Insist that anyone handling the infant use good handwashing.
Have the child vaccinated with palivizumab monthly.
143.
The nurse reinforcing health maintenance strategies for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should include which of the following items?: Yearly influenza immunizations
144.
The nurse selects Ineffective Airway Clearance for a premature infant who is in the hospital with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) based on which of the following?: The infant does not have the energy to cough effectively.
145.
The nurse should instruct the client to seek care immediately if any of the following occur while on Beta-adrenergic agonists ...: Cyanosis, increased SHOB, inability to walk or talk, lethargy or confusion, irregular HR
146.
The nurse wears gloves when examining a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. After removing the gloves, what should the nurse do next?: Wash hands.
147.
The nurse who is assisting a client with obstructive pulmonary disease to learn effective breathing techniques would use which of the following statements to explain why dyspnea occurs?: "Your airways open wider on inspiration and trap air on expiration."
148.
The nurse working with a client with an Ineffective Breathing Pattern should: Monitor rate, rhythm and quality of breathing pattern, teach parents how to observe breathing pattern, inspect chest for use of accessory breathing muscles, assess for self posturing, administer bronchodilators and O2 therapy as ordered
149.
The nurse working with a client with Impaired Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements should: Monitor dietary intake, take daily weight, offer preferred foods, offer small frequent feedings, encourage parents to feed child as normal
150.
The nurse working with a client with Ineffective Airway Clearance should: Monitor vitals, auscultate lung sounds, encourage fluids, suction mouth and nose, teach parents suctioning, teach parents signs ans symptoms, teach parents not to smoke around infant, administer meds
151.
The nurse working with a patient with Impaired Gas Exchange should: Monitor vitals, monitor breathing patterns, assess for bluish skin color, collect a sputum specimen to i.d. causative agent, collect ABG, CBG, and chemistry levels, admin. O2 as ordered
152.
The parents of an infant with bronchiolitis ask the nurse why their baby's room has a sign on the door that says "Contact Precautions" and why all the nurses wear gowns and gloves when they hold him. What is the nurse's best response?: "The virus that usually causes bronchiolitis can spread to other babies if extra precautions are not taken."
153.
The priority of nsg care and intervention for pts with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases is...: promoting oxygenation
154.
These 3 common respiratory disorders are characterized by Chronic Airflow Limitation?: *Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma
155.
These 5 kinds of medications can be used to treat diseases of limited airflow?: *Bronchodilators, Mucolytics, Antihistamines, Antitussives, Antinflammatories
156.
These decrease the adhesiveness of secretions so they can be mobilized and removed from the respiratory tract?: Expectorants, an example is Robitussin (guaifenesin)Always give with a full glass of H2O to aid in removal of secretions
157.
These interrupt the inflammatory process by inhibiting the release of histamine and reduction of edema?: *Glucocorticoids. Some examples are: Prednisone derivitives like Prelone & Deltasone. Others are Flovent, Beclavent, Decadron, Aerobid
158.
These Liquify and remove secretions?: *Mucolytics
159.
These prevent inflammation, edema, brochoconstriction and the release of histamine?: *Mast Cell Stabilizers. The drug of choice for Asthmatics, long term therapy with less side effects than glucocorticoids
160.
These relax smooth muscle of the bronchi and open narrowed airways (ex:)?: *Bronchodilators such as Albuterol (Proventil), Serevent
161.
These suppress coughing in order to promote rest and healing?: *Antitussives, and example is Dextromorphan (Suppress), Tessalon, or Delsym.
162.
These thin secretions by changing the molecular composition of mucous, making it thinner, and easily removable?: *Mucolytics (Mucomyst) for treatment of Emphysema and Bronchitis
163.
This is released when the body encounters a foreign agent?: Histamine. Use an Antihistamine (Benedryl) for treatment
164.
This is the most commonly used Anticholinergic/Bronchodilator and can be used in conjunction with Albuterol?: *Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide)
165.
Tobacco Smoke: increases mucus production and reduces action of the cilia within the airway passages.
166.
Types of Anti-inflammatories: Glucorticoids and Mast Cell Stabilizers
167.
Types of Bronchodilators: Beta-adrenergic agonists, Anticholinergics, Xanthines
168.
What 2 common illnesses can RSV cause?: Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia
169.
What are some common nursing diagnosis for RSV?: Ineffective Airway Clearance, Ineffective Breathing Pattern, Impaired Gas Exchange, Fluid Volume Deficit, Activity Intolerance
170.
What are the INITIAL symptoms of RSV?: nasal stuffiness, fever, cough, sneeze, decreased appetite, decreased play
171.
What are the PROGRESSIVE symptoms of RSV?: deep cough, rapid labored breathing, and respiratory distress such as use of accessory muscles, posturing, sternal retractions, and nasal flaring
172.
What are the treatments for RSV's Symptoms?: Hospitalization, IV fluids, humidified oxygen, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, thin chest secretions, reduce fever
173.
What is a possible complication of an acute exacerbation of COPD: Respiratory Failure
174.
What is a safe range for Xanthine levels in the blood?: 10-20 mcg/ml
175.
What is the priority of nursing care when taking care of a client with RSV?: Maintaining a patent airway and promoting oxygenation
176.
What is the recovery time?: 1-2 weeks
177.
What is the treatment for RSV?: There is no treatment for RSV just it's symptoms
178.
What precautions level is RSV?: Droplet precautions
179.
What time of year are RSV cases most prevalent?: Fall, Winter, and early Spring
180.
What type of patient should have PFTs (Pulmonary Function Tests) to determine lung function?: Those with chronic cough and sputum and a history of smoking.
181.
Wheezing and crackles created by?: Partially obstructed airways allow air in, but the mucus and airway swelling block expulsion of air.
182.
Which instruction is appropriate for the nurse to give the client on cromolyn sodium (Intal)?: Use the medication before exercising to avoid an asthma attack.
183.
Which of the following statements best represents a nurse's understanding of use of supplemental oxygen in clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?: The client needs to be closely monitored for respiratory depression.
184.
Which of the following would be a priority nursing intervention for the child with bronchiolitis?: Maintain strict intake and output.
185.
Which of the following would be an expected assessment finding in a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?: Anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter equal to or greater than lateral chest diameter
186.
Who is at risk?: Children <2 with congenital heart disease, premature infants, adults 65 years and older, children and adults with weakend immune systems
187.
Xanthine Side Effects (like that of caffeine): tachycardia, insomnia, diuresis, restlessness, epigastric pain, nausea, anorexia
188.
Xanthines: Chemically related to caffeine. Dilate the bronchi by relaxing smooth muscle, have long half life and can cause toxicity because of build up in body. React with many other drugs!
