Genetics and Heredity
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 homozygous (purebred) | When an individual has inherited two alleles for a trait that are the same |
| heterozygous (hybrid) | when an individual has inherited two alleles for a trait that are different |
| Punnett square | a tool used to show all the possible offspring combinations from two specific parents |
| pedigree | a diagram tracing a trait through a family |
| karyotype | this picture shows all of the chromosomes from an individual, sorted in pairs |
| genotype | the two alleles that a person has inherited for a trait; example: TT |
| phenotype | the physical expression of a trait; this is determined by the genotype |
| DNA | genetic information for an individual; deoxyribonucleic acid |
| mutation | an unexpected change in a gene or chromosome |
| genetics | the study of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring |
| dominant trait | only one allele is needed for trait to be expressed |
| recessive trait | two alleles are needed for trait to be expressed |
| Gregor Mendel | father of genetics; he was the first person to study how traits are inherited. He used pea plants as his subjects. |
| genes | regions of DNA within each chromosome that control for traits |
| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| trait | physical characteristic (ex: eye color, skin color) |
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