Ch 4 Tissues
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Created by:
DrDavila Plus on March 14, 2012
Subjects:
BIO101: Human Anatomy & Physiology
Classes:
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 4 tissue types | 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. nervous |
| epithelial tissue | avascular cellular tissue that covers surface of body and lines internal organs; cells are polar, attached to something, and regnerate when damaged |
| epithelial tissue functions | protects body, controls permeablity, senses environement, and secretes substances |
| germinative cell | stem cell, one which divides regularly |
| cell junction | form tight bonds with other cells or extracellular material; 3 types (strongest to weakest): 1. desmosomes 2. gap junctions 3. tight junctions |
| desmosome | large complex of molecules, which are strongest intercellular junction; anchors cell |
| epithelial classes | layers [simple or stratified] & shape [squamous, cuboidal, columnar, (transitional)] |
| simple | epithelium only 1-cell thick |
| stratified | epithelium more than 1-cell thick |
| squamous | flat, thin epithelial cell; looks "squashed" or like a fried egg |
| cuboidal | epithelial cells that look like cubes when cut |
| columnar | tall, slender epithelial cells |
| transitional | stratified epithelium with cells that stretch; ex, urinary bladder |
| exocrine gland | epithelial tissue that produces secretions onto epithelial surfaces |
| endocrine gland | epithelial tissue that releases hormones into blood |
| merocrine secretion | secretions released by vesicle exocytosis; eg sweat |
| apocrine secretion | secretions released by shedding cytoplasm, or "pinching off top" of cell; eg, milk |
| holocrine secretion | secretions released by cell bursting; eg sebum |
| serous gland | secretes watery serous solution, used for lubrication (reduce friction) |
| mucous gland | produces thick, slippery mucous; also used for lubrication and as "fly paper" to catch debris |
| mixed gland | secretes both serous fluid & mucus |
| connective tissue | tissue with more matrix than cells; tissue characteristics depends on matrix; tissue with "more stuff than cells" |
| matrix | extracellular parts of connective tissues; determines function of tissue; "stuff outside connective cells"; eg, in bone: calcium phosphate, in blood: water, in adipose tissue: fat |
| connective tissue functions | support and protect (bone/cartilage) transport materials (blood) energy storage (adipose) defense (lymph) |
| connective tissue types | connective tissue proper, ie loose & dense; fluid connective tissues, ie blood & lymph supportive connective tissues, bone & cartilage |
| connective tissue proper | loose & dense tissues comprise this class of connective tissue; adipose, or fat, tissue is loose; tendons & ligaments are dense |
| fluid connective tissue | blood & lymph comprise this class of connective tissue |
| supportive connective tissue | bone & cartilage comprise this class of connective tissue |
| connective tissue cell types | 1. fibroblasts: form matrix 2. macrophages: devour pathogens 2. mast cells: release histamine (inflammation) and heparin (blood thinner) |
| collagen | strong, yet flexible protein; most-produced protein in body; found extensively in connective tissues (bone, skin, etc) |
| elastin | stretchy, but elastic, protein; found extensively in connective tissue (skin) |
| ground substance | clear, colorless, viscous (thick) substance; fills spaces between cells; slows pathogen movement |
| reticular fiber | thin collagen-like fiber; form supportive networks in a variety of tissues |
| adipose | fatty tissue; type of loose connective tissue that stores energy, insulates and cushions the body |
| tendon | dense connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones |
| ligament | dense connective tissue that attaches bones to bones |
| dermis | dense connective tissue deep to the epidermis (epithelial layer) |
| cartilage | strong connective tissue, more flexible than bone; found on bone ends, trachea, intervertebral discs, etc. |
| fibrocartilage | stongest cartilage type; reduce friction upon bone to bone contact; functions as protective padding; found between vertebrae (intervertebral discs) and pad the knee (meniscus) |
| elastic cartilage | most-flexible cartilage type; found in external ear (pinna) and top of larynx (epiglottis) |
| hyaline cartilage | "in-between strength" cartilage; more flexible than fibrocartilage, but stronger than elastic cartilage; found at the tips of bones |
| muscle tissue | tissue that contracts; produces force, movement, and heat; 3 types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| skeletal muscle | attached to skeleton; moves body and creates most body heat; voluntary; striated (striped) in appearance |
| cardiac muscle | found in heart; moves blood; involuntary; striated (striped) in appearance |
| smooth muscle | found in walls of tubular organs; involuntary; smooth (not striped) in appearance |
| nervous tissue | tissue made of neurons and neuroglia; receives sensory impulses (electrical signals) from the environment, analyzes the data (in brain/spinal cord), and directs motor output |
| neuron | specialized cell for electrical communication (aka, nerve impulses); basic building block of the nervous system; aka nerve cell |
| neuroglia | supporting cells of the nervous system; perform wide array of functions in brain/spinal cord; "nerve glue" |
| dendrite | long extensions of the cell membrane; receive electrical impules from other neurons, sending info to the cell body |
| cell body | part of cell containing nucleus; in neurons, this part summates ("adds up") electrical impulses arriving from dendrites |
| axon | long extension of neuron cell membrane that conveys electrical impulse away from cell body to another cell; "A"xons send impulses "A"way |
| synapse | where an axon communicates with a dendrite (or other cell) using electrical and chemical signals |
| cutaneous membrane | covers and protects body; aka skin |
| mucous membrane | lines cavities exposed to outside world; secretes protective, lubricating mucous; found in nose, lungs, intestines, etc |
| serous membrane | thin membrane covering internal body cavities; secretes serous fluid that keeps the membrane lubricated |
| pleura | serous membrane covering lungs and pleural cavity |
| pericardium | serous membrane lining the heart and the pericardial cavity abdominal organs and the abdominopelvic cavity; covers a "ton" of organs |
| peritoneum | serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and organs |
| synovial membrane | found in joint cavities; secretes "eggy" fluid that lubricates the joint |
| inflammation | tissure response to injury; signs & symptoms: swelling, redness, heat, pain; aka inflammatory response |
| infection | presnece of harmful pathogen |
| cancer rate | 1 in 4 (25%) of people in US develop cancer; #2 cause of death, cigarette smoking causes ~450,000 deaths including 50,000 from secondhand smoke |
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