| Term | Definition |
|---|
| homologous chromosomes | A pair of matching chromosomes |
| chromatid | one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| genome | the complete genetic material contained in an individual |
| intron | A sequence of bases on a gene that do not code for a protein, they are spliced out from the mRNA molecule |
| karyotype | shows homologous pairs of chromosomes arranged in order of diminishing size |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Okazaki fragments | Short fragments of DNA that are a result of the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication. |
| semi-conservative replication | A method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand |
| primer | a short segment of nucleotides that serves as the starting point for DNA synthesis |
| template strand | the strand of DNA that the RNA polymerase uses as a guide to build complementary mRNA |
| chromosomes | coiled up/condensed structures of DNA and protein that contain genetic information |
| exon | sequence of DNA bases along a gene that codes for a protein |
| coding strand | A DNA strand that is not used as a template to manufacture a strand of RNA. It has the same base sequence as the m-RNA |
| leading strand | The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction. |
| unzipping | The breaking of hydrogen bonds between bases of the DNA molecule |
| lagging strand | The new complementary DNA strand that is synthesized in short fragments. |
| DNA ligase | An enzyme that catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of another DNA segment |
| DNA polymerase | An enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule |
| DNA helicase | An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases of DNA unwinding the double helix during DNA replication |
Combine with other sets
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