AP HUman Geography- Chapter 1
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fieldwork | the study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places |
| human geography | one of the 2 major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of human population, their cultures, activities, & landscapes |
| globalization | A set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders. |
| spatial | having to do with space on earth's surface. Sometimes synonym for geographic. |
| spatial distribution | physical location of geographic phenomena across space |
| pattern | the design of spatial distribution |
| pandemic | worldwide outbreak of disease |
| epidemic | regional outbreak of a disease |
| spatial perspective | observing variations in geographic phenomena across space |
| five themes | location, human environment, region, place, movement |
| location | the first theme of geography; the geographical situation of people and things |
| location theory | a logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated. |
| region | the third theme of geography; phenomena are not evenly distributed but concentrated in certain areas called regions |
| place | the fourth theme of geography; uniqueness of a location |
| sense of place | state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character. |
| perception of place | belief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures |
| movement | the fifth theme of geography; the mobility of people goods and ideas across the planet |
| spatial interaction | depends on the distances among places, the accessibility of place, and the transportation and communication among places |
| distance | measurement of physical space between two poles |
| connectivity | the degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network |
| cultural landscape | the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape (ex. the layers of buildings, artifacts) |
| cartography | The art and science of mapmaking |
| reference maps | maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude |
| thematic map | maps that tell stores typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon |
| absolute location | The exact position of a place on the earth's surface. (latitude longitude) |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers |
| Geographic Information System (GIS) | a computer system that stores organizes and analyzes georgraphic data |
| geocaching | a hunt for a cache, the GPS coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers |
| relative location | The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. |
| generalized map | A general map depicting a certain piece of info. such as precipitation. |
| rescale | involvement of players at other scales of generate support for a position or an initiative |
| functional region | a region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it |
| culture | the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization |
| cultural trait | a single element of normal practice in a culture (e.g., wearing a turban) |
| cultural hearth | place of origin of a major culture( where it began) |
| cultural complex | A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils. |
| cultural barrier | prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture. |
| time-distance decay | The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source. |
| expansion diffusion | The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination. |
| contagious diffusion | The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person - analogous to the communication of a contagious illness. |
| hierarchical diffusion | an idea innovation spreads by first among the most connected places or peoples |
| stimulus diffusion | a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place |
| relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. |
| geographic concept | ways of seeing the world spatically that are used by geographers in answering research questions |
| political ecology | An approach to studying nature - society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated. |
| cultural ecology | The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment. |
| isotherm | line on a map connecting points equal temperature values |
| environmental determinism | the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development |
| possibilism | The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. |
| remote sensing | collecting data through instruments that are distant from the area of object of study (for ex. satellites) |
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