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fieldwork the study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places human geography one of the 2 major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of human population, their cultures, activities, & landscapes globalization A set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders. spatial having to do with space on earth's surface. Sometimes synonym for geographic. spatial distribution physical location of geographic phenomena across space pattern the design of spatial distribution pandemic worldwide outbreak of disease epidemic regional outbreak of a disease spatial perspective observing variations in geographic phenomena across space five themes location, human environment, region, place, movement location the first theme of geography; the geographical situation of people and things location theory a logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated. region the third theme of geography; phenomena are not evenly distributed but concentrated in certain areas called regions place the fourth theme of geography; uniqueness of a location sense of place state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character. perception of place belief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures movement the fifth theme of geography; the mobility of people goods and ideas across the planet spatial interaction depends on the distances among places, the accessibility of place, and the transportation and communication among places distance measurement of physical space between two poles connectivity the degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network cultural landscape the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape (ex. the layers of buildings, artifacts) cartography The art and science of mapmaking reference maps maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude thematic map maps that tell stores typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon absolute location The exact position of a place on the earth's surface. (latitude longitude) Global Positioning System (GPS) a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers Geographic Information System (GIS) a computer system that stores organizes and analyzes georgraphic data geocaching a hunt for a cache, the GPS coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers relative location The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. generalized map A general map depicting a certain piece of info. such as precipitation. rescale involvement of players at other scales of generate support for a position or an initiative functional region a region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it culture the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization cultural trait a single element of normal practice in a culture (e.g., wearing a turban) cultural hearth place of origin of a major culture( where it began) cultural complex A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils. cultural barrier prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture. time-distance decay The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source. expansion diffusion The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination. contagious diffusion The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person - analogous to the communication of a contagious illness. hierarchical diffusion an idea innovation spreads by first among the most connected places or peoples stimulus diffusion a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place relocation diffusion The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. geographic concept ways of seeing the world spatically that are used by geographers in answering research questions political ecology An approach to studying nature - society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated. cultural ecology The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment. isotherm line on a map connecting points equal temperature values environmental determinism the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development possibilism The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. remote sensing collecting data through instruments that are distant from the area of object of study (for ex. satellites)