| Term | Definition |
| cosmology | study of how the universe started, what it's made of, and how it changes |
| big bang theory | theory that universe began with huge explosion and is expanding constantly |
| nebula | clouds of gas and dust in space |
| solar nebula | the gases and dust that formed our solar system |
| nuclear fusion | when two or more nuclei fuse, or join together, to form a new nucleus. |
| sunspots | cooler, dark spots on the photosphere |
| crust | the thin, outermost layer of the earth |
| mantle | the layer beneath the crust that extends 2900 km below the surface |
| core | central part of the earth that is made of mostly iron and nickel |
| rotation | the motion of a body spinning on its axis |
| orbit | path that a planet follows around the sun |
| revolution | one complete trip around the sun |