Bio Chapter 8 Mitosis
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chromosomes | structures that hold most of organism's DNA, which is duplicated and inherited. They are allocated to opposite sides of the parent cell. |
| cell division | the reproduction of cells |
| Binary Fission | 1. chromosomes duplicated 2. chromosome duplication progresses + membrane grows 3. cell reaches twice its initial size, two daughter cells divide |
| chromatin | - combination of protein and protein molecules - as a cell prepares to divide, chromatin forms compact disks called chromosomes |
| sister chromatids | - consist of 2 copies of chrosomes; identicle DNA molecules - joined tightly together at the center w/ centromeres |
| cell cycle | the sequence of a cell in where it divides |
| interphase | cell's metabolic activity is very high; where G1, S and G2 occurs |
| Mitotic phase (M phase) | - about 10% of cell cycle - Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis |
| Cytokinesis | cytoplasm is divided in two - (animal cell) clevage furrow - (plant cell) cell plate |
| interphase | - a cell grows and prepares for division - takes in ATP |
| Prophase | - chromatin turns into chromomes - disintegration of nuclear envelope + nucleolus - centrosomes grow and begin to move towards centers |
| Metaphase | -spindles going to opposite poles - sister chromatids connected to spindles at equator |
| anaphase | - spindles fully formed on both poles - sister chromosomes separated - sister chromosomes separated at centromeres and start to be attracted towards poles |
| telophase | -chromatin starts to form - on opposite sides - nucleoli appear |
| anchorage dependence | - cells must be in contact w/ a solid surface |
| density-dependence inhibition | cells stop dividing when they touch one another |
| growth factor | -is a protein secreted by cells that tell cells to divide or to stop dividing |
| cancer cells | - don't respond to cell cycle control system; continue to grow and divide rapidly - can be dangerous or harmless - can form tumors |
| tumors | - benign=harmless - malignant=dangerous |
| metastasis | - when cancer cells form their own circulatory system to feed itself |
| Types of Cancer | -Carcinomas -Sarcomas - Lukemias - Lymphomas |
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