1.
centrioles: mitotic spindle forms between these structures during animal cell division; may anchor and organize microtubule formation in animal cells; absent in most plants
2.
chromosomes: contain genes that govern structure and activity of cell
3.
cilia: movement of some single-celled organisms; used to move materials on surface of some tissues
4.
endoplasmic reticulum: synthesizes lipids and modifies many proteins; origin of intercellular transport vesicles that carry proteins
5.
flagella: cellular locomotion by sperm cells and some unicellular eukaryotes
6.
golgi complex: modifies proteins; packages secreted proteins; sorts other proteins to vacuoles and other organelles
7.
intermediate filaments: help strengthen cytoskeleton; stabilize cell shape
8.
lysosomes: contain enzymes to break down indigested materials, secretions, wastes
9.
microfilaments: provide structural support; play role in cell and organelle movement and cell division
10.
microtubules: provide structural support; have role in cell and organelle movement and cell division; components of cilia, flagella, centrioles, basal bodies
11.
mitochondria: site of most reactions of cellular respiration; transformation of energy originating from glucose or lipids into ATP energy
12.
nucleolus: site of ribosomal RNA synthesis; ribosome subunit assembly
13.
nucleus: information in DNA is transcribed in RNA synthesis; specifies cellular proteins
14.
peroxisomes: site of many diverse metabolic reactions
15.
plasma membrane: encloses cellular contents; regulates movement of materials in and out of cell; helps maintain cell shape; communicates with other cells (also present in prokaryotes)
16.
plastids: site of photosynthesis; chlorophyll captures light energy; ATP and other energy-rich compounds are formed and then used to convert CO2 to glucose
17.
ribosomes: synthesize polypeptides in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
18.
rough ER: manufacture of many proteins destined for secretion or for incorporation into other membranes
19.
smooth ER: lipid biosynthesis; drug detoxification
20.
vacuoles: store materials, wastes, water; maintain hydrostatic pressure