Chapter 29- World War I
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Alsace Lorraine | The territory that France lost to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War. France wanted this, and the $3 Billion indemnity that they paid back from Germany |
| Italy | This country wanted to take the Italian speaking areas of Trieste and Trento away from Austria-Hungary |
| Africa, Asia, and the Middle East | The Europeans competed for power in these places for colonies |
| Militarism | The glorification of war |
| Two Power Standard | Britain and Germany become involved in a naval rivalry and create this that stated that the British navy had to be as big as any other 2 nation's navies combined |
| France and Russia | These two countries build up the size of their armies as tensions with Germany increase |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
| Triple Entente | France, Britain, and Russia |
| The Balkans | Were considered to be a powder keg because nationalism had led to several wars there |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina | Was wanted by both Austria-Hungary and Serbia |
| Austria- Hungary | Who won Bosnia-Herzegovina and angered Serbia? |
| Princip | A member of the Serbian Nationalist group, he assassinated the Archduke Ferdinand and his wife |
| Black Hand | Serbian Nationalist group |
| Archduke Ferdinand | Heir of the Austria-Hungarian throne |
| Austria-Hungary's Blank check | Germany promised AH that it would support AH in any conflict as long as AH would ally itself with Germany |
| Serbia | AH took a strong stand against this country in order to discourage nationalist groups within its own empire |
| Declares War | When Serbia refused to let AH investigators come into its country, AH does this |
| Serbia | Russia mobilizes its armies in order to protect this country |
| Russia | AH and Germany declare war on this country |
| Russia | France's ally |
| Germany | Because France and Russia ally together, this country declares war |
| Schlieffen Plan | The plan that Germany used to avoid fighting on two fronts |
| Belgium | Germany wants to take out France first, but they had to go through this neutral country |
| Britain | Who declares war on Germany because Germany marched through neutral Belgium |
| Battle of the Marne | Germany wanted to take over Paris but was stopped at this battle |
| Battle of Ypres | Germany tried to take the northern coast of France to stop Britain from resupplying the French (race to the sea) but was stopped at this battle |
| Trench Warfare | The type of warfare that was used and they dug trenches from the North Sea to Switzerland |
| Stalemate | Occurred because neither side could win a decisive victory |
| Verdun and Somme | Were two battles fought to break the stalemate. Over 300,000 men died on each side of each of these two battles and yet the stalemate was not broken. |
| New Weapons | Machine guns, tanks, zepplin (balloon with motor), poison gas |
| The Eastern Front | Russia |
| Battle Lines | Go from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea |
| Russia | Suffered from a constant shortage of weapons, but it had large reserves of manpower. |
| Tannenburg | Was the offensive launched by Russia against Germany. It lost this battle, just like almost every battle that it was in. |
| Lenin | Overthrew Czar Nicholas II by promising the Russians peace, land, and bread |
| Brest- Litovsk | Surrenderred Russia's claim to Finland, Poland, Ukraine, and the Baltic States |
| Allies | Italy joined with this side of the war, against Austria-Hungary |
| Battle of Caporetta | Italy fought in this but lost like every battle that it was in |
| Dardenelles | Connect the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea |
| Lord Admiral Churchill | He ordered his troops to land on Galipoli to open a new front, to liberate the Balkans, and to occupy Istanbul. The campain failed |
| Unrestricted submarine Warfare | Germany had been practicing this and attacked neutral shipping and passenger lines |
| Lusitania | A neutral ship that Germany sunk |
| U.S. | If Germany could attack neutral Belgium, then it could also attack this country |
| Zimmerman Telegram | When Germany promised the American southwest to Mexico if they would join forves with the Central Powers |
| Wilson | The president that declares war on Germany |
| Battle of Reims | The United States stopped Germany from taking Paris at this battle |
| Hindenburg Line | Germany's main defensive line |
| St. Mihiel and Belleau Wood | America Counter-attacked by breaking the Hindenburg Line after these battles |
| Battle Of Jutland | The Germans were not able to break out of the naval blockade that the British had imposed when the Germans lost this battle |
| Gained Independence | Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia |
| Armistice | (cease fire) Germany signed this |
| William II | He fled to the Netherlands rather than face the wrath of the Allies |
| Wilson's Fourteen Points | Were meant to prevent international tension from leading to another war |
| Three Major points | In Wilson's Fourteen Points, these included disarmment, open agreement, and an international organization to settle disputes |
| War Guilt clause | This made Germany solely responsible for WWI |
| Alsace- Lorraine | This is taken away from Germany and given back to France |
| 5 Billion Indemnity | Germany is forced to pay this at the end of the war |
| Rhineland | A German state that was made into an independent state after WWI |
| Mandates | German colonies were made into these by the League of Nations |
| Trieste-Trento | Italy wanted these Italian speaking states but did not win them by the end of the war |
| European Lands in Asia | Japan wanted this but did not get it by the end of the war |
| AH, Russia, Ottoman Empire | All three of these lost their empire |
| Germany | Was angry because they bore too much responsibility for the war |
| Rhineland and Sudenenland | The lands that Germany had taken away from it after the war |
| The United States | Withdrew from international affairs and refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because of Article X in the League of Nations |
| Article X | States that all members of the League of Nations had to protect and defend the new nations created after WWI |
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