Biology Chapter 8.3 and 9
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jacksonreeves15 on March 15, 2012
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 5 Differences between Meiosis and Mitosis | 1. Mitosis occurs in all stomatic cells, meiosis occurs in reproductive cells only. 2. Mitosis chromosome number stays the same, meiosis chromosome number divides in half. 3. In Mitosis 2 cells are produced, in meiosis 4 cells are produced. 4. Mitosis has one division, meiosis divides twice. 5. Meiosis has crossing over and mitosis doesn't |
| Gamete | haploid reproductive cells; Sperm and Egg |
| Synapsis | pairing of homologous chromosomes |
| Tetrad | Each pair of Homologous Chromosome |
| At what stage of meiosis does synapsis occur? | Prophase I |
| Crossing-Over | Portions of chromatids may break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on the homologous chromosome |
| Oogenesis | the production of mature egg cells |
| Spermatogenesis | the production of mature sperm cells. |
| Explain the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis: | Spermatogenesis produces 4 cells and Oogenesis produces one cell |
| Polar Body | The other 3 products of meiosis |
| Explain the difference between diploid and haploid. Why must sex cells be haploid? | Haploid cells have half the amount of chromosomes than diploid. Sex cells must be haploid because they combine to make a full diploid. |
| Hereditary | The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Who was Gregor Mendel, and what did he use to study heredity? | Mendel, a monk, used pea plants to study genetics and genetics. |
| Seven Traits Mendel Studied: | Plant Height, Flower Position along stem, Pod color, Pod Appearance, Seed Texture, Seed Color, Flower color |
| Difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination: | Self-Pollination is where a plant fertilizes itself. Cross-Pollination is when two plants fertilize together one with male |
| How did Mendel ensure that his plants did not self-pollinate? | He cut the specific parts of the plant off to not have one or the other. |
| Gene | a short piece of DNA telling the physical features of the organism. |
| Allele | Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene |
| True-Breeding | pure of both alleles |
| P Generation | true breeding parents |
| F1 generation | P generation the first filial generation |
| F2 Generation | second filial generation |
| Dominant Trait | masked, or dominated |
| Recessive trait | trait that did not appear in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2 generation |
| Under what circumstances will an organism show a recessive trait? | if the organism is heterozygous it could reappear. |
| Law of Segregation | states that a pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes. |
| Law of Independent Assortment | states that factors separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes |
| Molecular Genetics | the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes |
| Genotype | the genetic makeup Example: Tt, TT, tt |
| Phenotype | the physical features Example: Tall, Short |
| Homozygous | when both alleles of a pair are alike for that characteristic |
| Heterozygous | when the two alleles in the pair are different for that characteristic |
| Monohybrid Cross | a cross in which only one characteristic is tracked |
| Dihybrid Cross | a cross in which 2 characteristics are tracked |
| Testcross | in which an individual of unknown genotype with homozygous recessive. |
| Incomplete dominance | F1 Offspring will have phenotype in between that of the parents, this relationship Example: Red Allele X White Allele= Pink Flower |
| Codominance | occurs when both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring Example: Blood Types are codominant |
| Punnett Square | diagram to aid them in predicting the probably distribution of inherited traits in offspring |
| Probability | likelihood that a specific event will occur expressed as either a decimal, percentage or a fraction |
| genotypic ratio | ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring |
| phenotypic ratio | ratio of the offspring's phenotype |
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