6th Grade CST Review
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Created by:
mrriveraushistory on March 15, 2012
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71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Neolithic Age | Also called the New Stone Age; a prehistoric period that began about 8000 BCE during which peoel learned to grow crops, raise animals, polish stone tools, and make pottery |
| prehistoric | the period of time before written records |
| slash-and-burn agriculture | a method agriculture in which trees are cut down and burned to clear land for farming and to fertilize the land |
| irrigation | to supply water to land or crops to help them grow |
| permanent settlements | the first step toward civilization that occurs when people make advances in agricultural production and settle down to live in one location, instead of living as nomadic hunter-gatherers |
| nomadic | people who have no permanent home, and who travel from place to place to find food and shelter |
| hunter-gatherers | Nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods |
| agricultural production | the process of creating goods and services by growing crops and raising animals to provide food, wool, and other products |
| self-sufficient | not dependent upon others for survival |
| famine | a terrible shortage of food that can cause starvation |
| civilization | a complex society that usually has five characteristics, or features: a stable food supply, specialization of labor, a system of government, social levels, and a highly developed culture |
| monotheism | the belief in only one god |
| polytheism | the belief in more than one god |
| democracy | A system of government in which citizens vote to make governmental decisions |
| Hammurabi | the king of Babylonia from 1792-1750 BCE; he expanded the Babylonian empire and created one of the earliest known collections of laws |
| Hammurabi's Code | one of the earliest known collection of laws; it consists of 282 laws and a list of punishments for breaking each law |
| currency | a system of money |
| artifacts | objects made by humans |
| fossils | the remains or imprints of once-living plants or animals |
| Mesopotamia | a region (NOT a country or a nation) called "the land between two rivera," (because it's located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers); an ancient river-valley civilization in southwest Asia is the location of the earliest known permanent settlements; located in present-day Iraq, Syria, and Turkey |
| cuneiform | a system of writing developed by the Sumerians (the people of Sumer) that consisted of wedge-shaped characters made with a reed stylus [a small rod with a pointed end] and used in writing several ancient languages |
| pharaoh | a ruler of ancient Egypt; considered to be a god on Earth |
| tyrant | a ruler (some of the most famous were from Ancient Greece) who has total power, not limited by a constitution or by other officials |
| Parthenon | the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens, Greece; an example of Doric architecture |
| Athena | (Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom |
| pyramid | huge, triangular, stone structure built by the ancient Egyptians to serve as a tomb and a symbol of the wealth and power of the pharaoh who had it built |
| hieroglyphics | the ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictorial symbols [pictures] stand for words or sounds |
| republic | a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them |
| Ten Commandments | a set of laws about responsible behavior that, according to the Bible, God gave to Moses to deliver to the ancient Hebrews; these laws influenced the development of Western moral and ethical teachings |
| Moses | he is the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; according to Jewish scripture, he delivered God's laws (the Ten Commandments) to the ancient Hebrews |
| feudalism OR feudal system | an economic system in which nobles own the farmland and peasants do all the work; for example, the system in ancient China |
| scripture | the sacred writings of a religion |
| Abraham | according to Jewish scripture, he is the founder of Judaism |
| Judaism | the monotheistic religion of the Jewish people; their holy book is the Torah |
| city-state | a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit; examples: Athens and Sparta |
| Christianity | the monotheistic religion of the Christian people, founded on the teachings of Jesus; their holy book is the Bible |
| Iliad | a great epic poem written by Homer that tells the Greek myth of the Trojan War; the poem is full of heroic figures and great adventures |
| Greek mythology | traditional stories about the origin and history of the Greek, their gods, ancestors, and heroes; used to explain events in the natural world; many words used in the English language today originated from these stories |
| myth | a traditional story about the origin and history of a people and their gods, ancestors, and heroes |
| atlas | (noun) a collection of maps; derived from the Greek myth of Atlas, a Titan (powerful, giant gods) who carried the world and the heavens on his back |
| Alexander the Great | (356-323 BCE) a Macedonian king who conquered Greece, Persia, and Egypt, ending the power of the city-states in these areas and establishing one unified nation |
| Hellenistic | an adjective describing Greek history or culture after the death of Alexander the Great |
| Persian Empire | an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century (500s) BCE and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century (300s) BCE |
| dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family |
| Aristotle | (384-322 BCE) a Greek philosopher who was a student of Plato and a teacher of Alexander the Great; one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy |
| philosophy | the study of knowledge, existence, and ethics (what is right and what is wrong) |
| Confucius | a Chinese philosopher and teacher at the end of the Zhou dynasty; he taught that peace and order could be restored to China with education, "ren" (appropriate feelings), "li" (correct actions), and filial piety (respect for one's parents) |
| The Analects | a book written by the disciples of Confucius that explains all of Confucius' teachings |
| Main City-States of Ancient Greece | Athens, Corinth, Sparta, and Thebes |
| Islam OR the Muslim religion | a universal religion (open to everyone) which promises salvation to all who believe and follow the five pillars of Islam; based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad |
| Five Pillars of Islam | the five duties that define the Muslim religion: |
| Ramadan | ninth month of the Muslim calendar marked by fasting |
| hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims |
| Mecca | The holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace |
| Muhammad | he is the founder of Islam and Muslims believe him to be the God's last prophet here on Earth; he preached that everyone was equal in the eyes of Allah (God) |
| Quran | the sacred book of Islam which is believed to contain the actual words of God, as told to the prophet Muhammad |
| oligarchy | a system of government in which a few people rule |
| famine | a widespread shortage of food that can lead to death by starvation |
| Diaspora | the Jewish settlements scattering among the Gentiles (people who are not Jewish) after the Jews' release from exile in Babylonia |
| prophet | a person who expresses and explains the will of God |
| plague | a highly contagious, widespread disease that is often fatal |
| Hinduism | a polytheistic religion which started in India, although no one knows exactly when it began or who created it; sometimes described not just as a religion, but a way of life; centers around belief in dharma (your duty in life), karma, samsara, reincarnation, and moksha |
| karma | the sum result of all the good and bad deeds you have performed in your life |
| reincarnation | the process of being "reborn" after death |
| Siddhartha Gautama | raised as a prince near present-day Nepal, he ran away from his palace and meditated under a bodhi tree until he reached enlightenment. After this experience he was known as the Buddha (enlightened one), going on to found the Buddhist religion |
| nirvana | the ultimate goal for all Buddhists is to reach this level, which is a release from the cycles of reincarnation when a person makes a perfect union with the universe |
| Buddhism | a religion begun by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) that states that gods and goddesses are not necessary - everyone can seek enlightenment on his or her own |
| Hebrews | a nomadic people who migrated out of Mesopotamia sometime around 2000 BCE; they believed that they were protected by their own god YHWH (considered to be too holy of a word to say outloud) |
| Silk Roads | trade routes that connected India with China |
| Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi | he unified most of China under one government in in 221 B.C.E. making him the first emperor of a unified China |
| enlightenment | in Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe |
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