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in what type of habitat are NO amphibians found marine largest salamander giant japanese salamander most probable ancestors of amphibians icthyostega earliest known tetrapod rhipdistians pentadactyl means 5 digits what is a tympanum external eardrum what are occipital condyles where skull articulates with vertebrate how many pairs of cranial nerves do amphibians have 10 define poikilothermic body temp. change define ectothermic depends on outside conditions name of the pathway that takes blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart pulmonary circuit name of the pathway that takes blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart systemic circuit what is neoteny and give an example temporary paedomorphosis -axolotls paedomorphosis & example permanent retention of larval characteristics in the adult -mudpuppy what order are frogs and toads ANURA (SALIENTIA) what order are salamanders and newts? urodela (caudata) what order are caecilians gymnophiona (apoda) largest order anura which amphibs are blind or nearly blind caecillians because they burrow underground which amphibs are legless caecillians which amphibians may have mesodermal scales caecillians what is the dead dried out and keratinized outer layer of the epidermis stratum corneum 3 functions of the skin respiration, temperature regulation, protection 2 functions of chromatophores camoflauge, sexual recognition, helps regulate heat, protects from UV rays, SOME HAVE WARNING COLORS TO WARN PREDATORS THAT THEY ARE POISONOUS 5 types of vertebrate cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, & caudal 3 bones of the pelvic girdle ilium, ischium, pubis 3 bones of pectoral girdle scapula, clavicle, coracoid bones of forelimb humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges bones of hindlimb femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsals, phalanges what attaches bone to bone ligaments what is the function of buccal glands salivary glands to moisten food for swallowing how many pairs of gills do amphibs have 3 type of kidney of adult amphibs mesonephric which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs left atrium what are trabeculae folds in ventricle that help separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood what hormone controls breeding and metamorphosis in amphibs thyroxine function of the columella bone transmits sound from the tympanic membrane to inner ear function of eustachian tube equalize pressure on external ear main sense used in locating food eys/sight name of clasping behavior found in mating anurans amplexus internal nostils choanae 2 functions of the large intestine reabsorbs water from undigested food; collects undigested wates define tetrapod A vertebrate with two pairs of limbs. (4 legs) are amphib nostrils connected to mouth cavity yes how many chambers does amphib heart have 3 are most amphibs oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparious oviparous 3 factors that trigger breeding in amphibians & which is most important PHOTOPERIOD, temperature, & precipitation where do caecillians live they burrow under ground what kind of amphibs have external fertilization frogs & toads part of the epidermis that helps prevent loss of moisture stratum corneum makes up larges part of a tadpole's diet plants (herbivores) earliest known tetrapod evolved during what geological time period devonian ribs are connected to what type of vertebrate thoracic articulation point of femur and pelvic girdle acetabulum limb bones that articulate with the girdle at the glenoid fossa humerus articulates with the coracoid function of vocal sacs vibrate to create sound type of kidney in adult frogs mesonephros type of kidney in tadpoles pronephros how many occipital condyles do amphibs have? 2 what kind of amphibs may lack both gills and lungs as an adult some types of salamanders pulmonary veins empty into which atrium? left 2 glands that work in the endocrine system pituitary & thyroid describe an amphib tongue protrusible: muscular, thins out, & has glands that secrete stickyness 4 classes of tetrapods 1) Amphibia 2) Reptilia 3) Aves 4) Mammalia what is the function of thyroxine growth hormone; controls metamorphosis & breeding what are hormones Chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells. how are hormones delivered to parts of the body they are pumped through the blood do amphibians have a cloaca or anus cloaca do amphibians have a diaphragm no why do amphibians have to return to water to reproduce? eggs need moisture to develop how does the large intestine help conserve water reabsorbs water from undigested food which amphibs have vocal sacs male frogs what chamber of the heart pumps blood ventricle what chamber of the heart contains both oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood ventricle what structure in the ventricle reduces mixing of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood trabeculae frogs eat mostly insects are adult amphibians herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores carnivores