The Menstrual cycle
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Created by:
Sharquitaw on March 15, 2012
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87 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The Menstrual cycle | __________ about 28 days long. |
| The Menstrual cycle | __________controlled by finely tuned feedback between hormones of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and ovaries. |
| The Menstrual cycle | __________ begins at menarche (first menstruation, age 10-17) and continuous throughout the reproductive years until menopause. |
| menarche | first menstruation, age (10-17). |
| The Menstrual cycle | __________ includes 2 linked cycles: the ovarian and uterine cycles. |
| The Ovarian cycle | ___________ regular pattern of growth, maturation and release of oocyctes (immature eggs) from the ovary. |
| oocyctes | immature eggs |
| 1 million oocytes | In the ovarian cycle at birth, a female has about _______ _______already formed & stored in the ovaries. |
| only | _____ 1 million oocytes are produced during the ovarian cycle (NO MORE ARE EVER PRODUCED). |
| ~85% | By puberty ___ of oocytes will have been absorbed. |
| ~12 oocytes | Each month ___ _____ start to develop. |
| 1 | typically only ___ oocyte will complete the process of development per month. |
| LESS THAN 500 | _____ _____ occytes will be "RELEASED" DURING A WOMAN'S LIFETIME! |
| The ovarian cycle | _________ refers specifically to what is happening w/in the ovaries, but is very much intertwined w/ the uterine cycle. |
| The ovarian cycle | ____________ is divided into 3 phases. |
| The 3 phases of the ovarian cycle | 1. Follicular phase 2. Ovulation phase 3. Luteal phase |
| Follicular phase | During the ______ _____ the hypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) |
| GnRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone |
| FSH, LH | Once the hyopthalmus releases GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) it stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ____ and _____. |
| FSH | Follicle- stimulating hormone |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone |
| follicle | FSH and LH stimulate a _____ within ovary to mature. |
| follicle | _____ = occyte + nourishing granulosa cells. |
| antrum | Gradually, a fluid filled _____ develops w/in the follicle. |
| estrogen | Granulosa cells being to secrete ______ raising blood levels of this hormone. |
| a SURGE of LH | Rising estrogen levels cause the pituitary to release a ______________. |
| ovulation | The LH surge TRIGGERS _______. |
| The 2nd phase in ovarian cycle | Ovulation phase |
| ovulation | During _______ the follicle wall ( & adjacent ovary wall) ruptures, releasing the oocyte. |
| ovulation | During ______ the oocyte is swept into the oviduct and moved towards the uterus. |
| 24 hours | An egg can live up to ______. |
| The 3rd (last) phase of the ovarian cycle | Luteal phase |
| Luteal phase | During what phase does a corpus uteum form in the ovary from what is left of the ruptured follicle? |
| LH | Formation / maintenance of a corpus uteum is triggered by ____ . |
| progesterone & estrogen | The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of __________ & ________. |
| endometrium | progesterone & estrogen prepare the _________ for the possible arrival of a fertilized egg. |
| high levels | ______ ______of progesterone & estrogen also feedback to the hypothalamus & inhibits FSH secretion (temporarily preventing other follicles from developing) |
| progesterone & estrogen | high levels of ________ & _________ also feedback to the hypothalamus & inhibits FSH secretion (temporarily preventing other follicles from developing) |
| hypothalamus | high levels of progesterone & estrogen also feedback to the ___________ & inhibits FSH secretion(temporarily preventing other follicles from developing) |
| FSH secretion | high levels of progesterone & estrogen also feedback to the hypothalamus & inhibits _____ ______ (temporarily preventing other follicles from developing) |
| 12-14 days | If fertilization DOES NOT occur, the corpus luteum degenerates about _________ after ovulation |
| progesterone & estrogen | If fertilization DOES NOT occur _________ & ________ levels fall rapidly. |
| endometruim | If fertilization DOES NOT occur ____________ breaks down. |
| stop-sign | If fertilization DOES NOT occur _______ disappears PERMITTING CYCLE TO START OVER. |
| embryonic tissue (chorion) | If fertilization DOES occur, a layer or _________ _________ (chorion) begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). |
| hCG | the hormone _____ WILL NOT be in your present if you are NOT PREGNANT. |
| hCG | ____ is the hormone doctors look for when trying to determine if YOUR PREGNANT OR NOT. |
| hCG | ____ will ONLY BE PRESENT if you are PREGNANT. |
| human chorionic gonadotopin (hCG) | If fertilization does occur, a layer of embryonic tissue ("chorion") begins to secrete a hormone called _______ _______ __________ (hCG). |
| hCG | ___ maintains the corpus luteum, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which point the developing placenta takes over and the corpus luteum degenerates. |
| corpus luteum | hCG maintains the _____ ______, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which point the developing placenta takes over and the corpus luteum degenerates. |
| placenta | hCG maintains the corpus luteum, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which point developing _______ takes over and the corpus luteum degenerates. |
| corpus luteum | hCG maintains the corpus luteum, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which points developing placenta takes over and the _____ ______ degenerates. |
| The (3) phases of the uterine cycle | 1. Days 1-5: menstrual phase 2. Days 6-4: proliferative phase 3. Days 15-28: secretory phase |
| The 1st phase of the uterine cycle | Days 1-5: menstrual phase |
| The 2nd phase of the uterine cycle | Days 6-4: proliferative phase |
| The 3rd phase of the uterine cycle | Days 15-28: secretory phase |
| The uterine cycle | __ _____ _____ refers to the cyclical changes of the endometrium as it prepares each month for the possibility of pregnancy. |
| The uterine cycle | What cycle is LINKED to the ovarian cycle? |
| The uterine cycle | The first day of the menstruation= day 1 of what cycle? |
| Days 1-5: menstrual phase | During WHAT PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE does the absence of a fertilized egg from the previous cycle, P & E levels drop? |
| Days 1-5: menstrual phase | During WHAT PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE without P & E the uterus cannot maintain its endometrial lining which had thickened menstruation. |
| Days 1-5: menstrual | During ______ ______ phase menstruation: the endometrial lining exits the vagina. About 80 ml ( about 6-7 tablespoon). Takes 2-7 days. |
| menstruation | During Days 1-5: menstrual phase _______: the endoetrial lining exits the vagina. About 80 ml ( about 607 tablespoon). Takes 2-7 days. |
| menstruation | The endometrial lining exits the vagina. |
| 80 | During days 1-5: menstrual phase menstruation: the endometrial lining exits the vagina. About ___ ml ( 6-7 tablespoon). Takes 2-7 days. |
| 2-7 | During days 1-5: menstrual phase menstruation: the endometrial lining exits the vagina. About 80 ml (6-7 tablespoon. Takes ___ days. |
| Days 6-14: proliferative phase | What phase does Ovulation occur in THE UTERINE CYCLE? |
| Days 6-14: proliferative phase | The endometrial lining PROLIFERATES (thickens) in response to rising estrogen levels (from developing follicle) what phase of the uterine cycle is this? |
| Proliferates | means the same as thickens |
| endometrial lining | The ______ _____ PROLIFERATES (thickens) in response to rising estrogen levels (from developing follicle). |
| estrogen | The endometrial lining PROLIFERATES (thickens) in response to rising ______ levels (from developing follicle). |
| ovulation | _______ occurs midway through the uterine cycle (around day 14) |
| ovulation | What happens around day 14 of the uterine cycle? |
| Days 6-14: proliferative phase | During this PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE some women experience brief sharp pain when follicle ruptures (middle of the month pain= mittle schmerz) |
| mittle schmerz | middle of the month pain |
| Days 6-14: proliferative phase | cervical mucus becomes thinner, clearer & more abundant (like egg white) |
| cervical mucus | _____ _____ becomes thinner, clearer & more abundant (like egg white). |
| thinner | cervical mucus becomes _____, clearer & more abundant (like egg white). |
| Days 15-28 secretory phase | During ____ _____ phase production of P&E by the corpus luteum causes endometrium to thicken ( 2mm > 10mm). |
| Days 15-28 secretory phase | During this phase the result of endometrial glands filling with glycogen and fats ( potential energy source for the embryo) |
| P&E | During the 15-28 secretory phase production of ___&___by the corpus luteum cause endometrium to thicken (2mm>10mm). |
| corpus luteum | During the 15-28 secretory phase production of P&E by the ______ _____ cause endometruim to thicken (2mm>10mm). |
| endometrium | During the 15-28 secretory phase production of P&E by the corpus luteum cause ________ to thicken (2mm>10mm). |
| endometrial glands | In the secretory phase the result of ______ ______ filling with glycogen and fats (potential energy source for the embryo). |
| glycogen | In the secretory phase the result of the endometrial glands filling with _______ and fats (potential energy source for the embryo). |
| fats | In the secretory phase the result of the endometrial glands filling with glycogen and ____ (potential energy source for the embryo). |
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