SFHS IB Bio test mitosis/meiosis
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nucleotide | Subunit of DNA |
| Sugar in Dna | Deoxyribose Sugar |
| Four bases in DNA | Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Guanine |
| Purines | Adenine, Guanine (Two rings) |
| Pyrimidines | Cytosine, Thymine (One ring) |
| Base Pairing | Adenine+ Thymine, Cytosine+ Guanine |
| Nitrogenous Bases | Held together by hydrogen bonds |
| Nucleotides | Held together by covalent (phosphodiester) bonds |
| Gene | Composed of DNA, a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic |
| Allele | One specific form of a gene differeing from other Alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene cocus as other aleles of that gene |
| Genome | The whole genetic information of the organism |
| Gene Mutation | A change in the base sequence of an allele |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | Cells become sickle shaped, cant hold as much oxygen, leads to necrosis of the tubules, kidney damage or failure and possible death |
| Sickle Cell mutation | Changes a single base (T Replaces A) |
| Cell Cycle | Repeating set of events that make up life of a cell |
| Interphase | G1, S, G2 |
| G1 | Cell grows and matures, performs normal differentiated functions: Protein Synthesis, respiration, gylcolysis, transcription |
| S Phase | DNA Replication |
| G2 | Cell prepares for division, mitochondria and chroloplast replication |
| M Phase | Nucleus Divides |
| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divides to form two cells |
| G0 | Exits cell cyle |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death |
| Haploid | 1n |
| Diploid | 2n |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up at the equator |
| Anaphase | Sister Chromosomes seperate and move to opposite poles |
| Telophase | Chromosomes start to return to chromatin and nucleus starts to return |
| Growth and Embroyonic development | This involves increasing the number of differientated cells |
| Tissue Repair | Dead or damaged cells are replaced by new cells |
| Asexual Reproduction | Bacteria, Clones |
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