TAKS Science
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Created by:
melfuller5 on August 21, 2009
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Heredity | Traits are passes from one generation to the next |
| Chromosomes | Rod-shaped structures made of DNA and associated proteins that are located within the nucleus of most cells. |
| Gene | the segment of a chromosome that carries the code for a particular trait. |
| Mutation | DNA does not replicate correctly; faulty genetic material. |
| Point Mutation | A change that affects only one nucleotide; Cause mRNA to code for a different amino acid |
| Substitution | Another name for point mutation; occurs when one base is substituted for another. |
| Insertion | Occurs when one or more bases are added to a nucleotide sequence. |
| Deletion | occurs when one or more bases are deleted from the nucleotide sequence. |
| Chromosomal Mutation | results in a change in the number of genes in a chromosome or a change in the structure of the chromosome. |
| Deficiency | Chromosomal mutations that result when a piece of a chromosome breaks off or is lost during mitosis or meiosis. |
| Inversion | Chromosome breaks off, changes direction, and then recombines in the wrong order with the same chromosome. |
| Translocation | Occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another, different chromosome. |
| Duplication | Chromosomal mutation that occurs when an entire chromosome is copied more than once. |
| Somatic Mutation | Mutations that occur in body cells; not passed from parent to offspring. |
| Germ Mutation | Mutation that occurs in a gamere; can be passed from parent to offspring; affect the survival of the organism and traits of future generations. |
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