Ch 8 Eye
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Created by:
eagleswings59 Plus on March 16, 2012
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Description:
Marieb
Classes:
malonek ahs anatomy and physiology
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 eyelids | two movable shades that further protect the eye from injury, strong light, and dust |
| medial canthus | inner corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet, nearest the nose |
| lateral canthus | outer corner where the upper and lower eyelids meet |
| eyelashes | Along the upper and lower edges of the eyelids; protect the eye from foreign particles; also called cilia. |
| tarsal glands | secrete oil that reduces tear evaporation |
| conjunctiva | a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid |
| lacrimal apparatus | the structures that secrete and drain tears from the eye |
| lacrimal glands | gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears that moisten and cleanse the eye |
| lacrimal canals | drains lacrimal fluid from eyes |
| lacrimal sac | structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct |
| nasolacrimal duct | a duct that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity |
| lysozome | enzyme in tears, nasal mucus, and saliva that attacks the cell walls of many bacteria |
| extrinsic eye muscles | Six muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye;Produce eye movements |
| eyeball | the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye |
| sclera | whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering of the eyeball |
| cornea | the clear tissue that covers the anterior of the eye |
| choroid | a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera |
| ciliary body | the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris |
| ciliary zonule | attaches the lens to the ciliary body |
| iris | muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil |
| pupil | contractile aperture in the iris of the eye |
| retina | the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball |
| rods | retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond |
| cones | retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations. |
| photoreceptors | The light-sensitive cells in the retina- the rods and cones. |
| bipolar cells | eye neurons that receive information from the retinal cells and distribute information to the ganglion cells |
| ganglion cells | the specialized cells which lie behind the bipolar cells whose axons form the optic nerve which takes the information to the brain |
| optic nerve | the cranial nerve that serves the retina |
| optic disc | the point where the optic nerve enters the retina |
| blind spot | the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there |
| fovea centralis | area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute |
| visual acuity | sharpness of vision |
| lens | biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye |
| aqueous humor | a clear, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris |
| vitreous humor | the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball AKA vitreous body |
| vitreous body | the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball AKA vitreous humor |
| scleral venous sinus | allows aqueous humor to drain |
| glaucoma | group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision |
| fundus | the base of a hollow organ or that part farthest from its opening in the eye the posterior wall |
| refraction | the amount by which a propagating wave is bent, the lens refracts light |
| accommodation | the automatic adjustment in focal length of the lens of the eye |
| optic chiasma | the crossing of the optic nerves from the two eyes at the base of the brain |
| optic tracts | the fiber pathways between the optic chiasm and destinations in the forebrain and brainstem |
| optic radiation | fibres running from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex |
| emmetropia | Normal refractive condition of the eye |
| myopia | (ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability |
| hyperopia | farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina |
| astigmatism | (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea |
| convergence | a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge medially when looking at an object |
| photopupillary reflex | pupils constrict to light too bright. prevents excessively bright light from damaging the delicate photoreceptors. |
| accommodation pupillary reflex | the reflex constriction of the pupils when we view close objects |
| cataracts | eye disease in which the lens becomes covered in an opaque film that affects sight, eventually causing total blindness. |
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