BJU Test 5 World War 2
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86 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Great Depression | A Pronged world wide Economic down turn that began in 1929 with collapse of the New York Stock Exchange. |
| Weimar Republic | German Republic that came to power in 1918 embodying the hopes of German liberals |
| MacDonald | He led the first Labour ministry as prime minister, he realized that his task was to prove that Labour could be respectable and responsible |
| Easter uprising in Dublin | Irish nationalists -leaders were executed |
| Sinn Fein, IRA | "Ourselves Alone" IRA-Irish Republican Army (vs. British army) |
| Popular Front | was the French political alliance that allied the Communists, the Socialists, and the Radicals together. |
| Trotsky | A brilliant strategist who served as commander of the victorious Reds in the civil war and Lenin's advisor until Lenin's death. He was very persuasive and had charisma; he was very good at propaganda. He fought Stalin for the head job after Lenin's death in 1924, but lost. |
| War Communism | in World War I Russia, government control of banks and most industries, the seizing of grain from peasants, and the centralization of state administration under Communist control |
| New Economic Policy | Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended the N.E.P. in 1928 and replaced it with a series of Five-Year Plans. (Lenin, Vladimir.) |
| Third International | Moscow-dominated organization of communist parties around the world between the two world wars. |
| Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) |
| Gosplan | under soviet command-economy socialism, the planning agency that had the respondibility of gradting the economic plan for the nation |
| Collectivization | system in which private farms were eliminated, instead, the government owned all the land while the peasants worked on it. |
| Kulaks | Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labour. They were their own class. |
| Great Purges | Great offensive to build socialism and a new socialist personality...culminated in ruthless police terror and massive purging of the communist party. |
| Fascism | System of right wing dictoral government |
| March on Rome, 1922 | the Fascists |
| Lateran Accord | The Roman Catholic States made peace with the Italian States. |
| French Invasion | Occupation of the Ruhr Valley to secure reparations |
| Hitler | Leader of Nazi's, organize his supporters into fighting squads, had an obsession with extreme nationalism, racism and antisemitism, promised to end reparations, create jobs and defy the Versailles treaty |
| Nazis | National Socialist German Workers Party |
| Sturm Abteilung | Hitler's private Army (German long term for Stormtroopers/SA) |
| Mein Kampf | 'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession |
| Stresemann | Weimar Republic president who agreed to revised reparation payments, and France agreed to re-examine Germany's ability to pay. Represented a new compromising mood in both Germany and France |
| Dawes Plan | A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success. |
| Hindenburg | President of Germany who died and was replaced by Hitler, this allowed Hitler to combine the powers of President and Chancellor to proclaim himself the Supreme head of State and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces |
| Locarno Agreements | Agreements that Germany and France would accept a common border and Germans who settle boundary arguments with Poland and Czechoslovakia |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another |
| Reichatag | German Government Body |
| Enabling Act | transferred legislative power to Hitler and his cabinet and allowed him to suspend parts of the Weimar constitution; enabled Hitler to get rid of the Reichstag parliament and pass laws without reference to parliament |
| Fuhrer | German word for leader, used to describe Hitler in the Nazi Party. |
| Schutzstaffel | SS: Secret Police |
| Kristallnacht | (Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews. |
| The final Solution | Nazi Germany's plan and execution of its systematic genocide against European jews during World War II. |
| Pilsunski | Poland Communism |
| Hungary Horthy | ... |
| Chapter 28 | ... |
| Lebensraum | Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people |
| Japanese Occupation Of Manchuria, 1931 | 1931 Manchuria (in China) is invaded by Japan; China appeals to League of Nations; Japan withdraws from League of Nations and retains Manchuria |
| Italian Occupation of Ethiopia,1935 | 1935; an attack that featured airplanes dropping poison gas on both civilians and soldiers; League of Nations placed economic sanctions on Mussolini, but they had little effect |
| Rome-Berlin Axis | 1936; close cooperation between Italy and Germany, and soon Japan joined; resulted from Hitler; who had supported Ethiopia and Italy, he overcame Mussolini's lingering doubts about the Nazis. |
| militarization of the Rhineland, 1936 | 1936 Germany breaches Versailles Treaty and Lorano agreement |
| appeasement | policy by which Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and France agreed to Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in agreement for not taking any additional Czech territory. |
| Spanish Civil War | A conflict form 1936 to 1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain; Franco's forces were backed by Germany and Italy, whereas the Soviet Union supported the opposing republican forces |
| Franco | Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975) |
| Anschluss | The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. |
| Sudetenland | German-speaking area of Czechoslovakia, ceded to Germany in the Hitler- Chamberlain Munich meeting (September 1938). |
| Munich Conference: Chamberlain | 1938 - Hitler wanted to annex the Sudetenland, a portion of Czechoslovakia whose inhabitents were mostly German-speaking. On Sept. 29, Germany, Italy, France, and Great Britain signed the Munich Pact, which gave Germany the Sudetenland. British Prime Minister Chamberlain justified the pact with the belief that appeasing Germany would prevent war |
| Nazi-Soviet Pact | Agreement between Hitler and Stalin that said they would both invade Poland and not attack one another |
| September 1, 1939 | Germany invades Poland. WWII begins. |
| blitzkrieg | "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939 |
| Maginot Line | String of steel and concrete bunkers along the German border from Belgium to Switzerland set up by the British and French |
| Dunkirk | French port where 300,000 British and French troops were trapped by the Germans; daring rescue by 800 warships, ferries, and fishing boats across the English Channel |
| Pétain | led dictatorial French government from Vichy, signed armistice with Hitler and followed a policy of close collaboration with the Nazis |
| Churchill | British Prime Minister who opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through World War II |
| Roosevelt (FDR) | Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 - April 12, 1945) also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depths of the Great Depression. FDR's persistent optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight. |
| Battle of Britain | An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe ( which carried out extensive bombing in Britain) and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. |
| Luftwaffe | The German Air Force |
| Royal Air Force (RAF) | The British air force. They inflicted heavy losses on the Luftwaffe because of the newly developed radar and an excellent communication system. Hitler eventually abandoned his plans for conquering Britain because of the losses that the RAF inflicted |
| Operation Barbarossa | Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies |
| Rommel | Also known as the "Desert Fox" he was the the leader of the German African Corps. After being suspected of trying to kill Hitler, he commits suicide |
| Third Reich | The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s. |
| Tojo | Japanese nationalist and general; he took control of Japan during World War II; later executed for war crimes, |
| December 7, 1941 | Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor |
| Battle of Midway | U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. |
| Battle of El Alamein | 1942-British victory in WWII that stopped the Axis forces from advancing into Northern Africa |
| Montgomery | English general during World War II- won victories over Rommel in North Africa and led British ground forces in the invasion of Normandy (1887-1976) |
| Battle of Stalingrad | Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. |
| June 6, 1944: D-Day, | Allied forces under U.S. general Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the Normandy beaches in history's greatest naval invasion. fought past hidden underwater mines, barbed wire, machine gun fire. believing the battle was a diversion and the real invasion would occur elsewhere, Germans responded slowly. gave allied forces time to set up a beachhead. |
| [Eisenhower] | Allied commander in WW2 in Europe; helped plan the D-Day invasion at Normandy; 34th President |
| Battle of the Bulge | December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses. |
| May 8, 1945 | Germany unconditionally surrenders, known as VE day (Victory in Europe Day) |
| atomic bomb | a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element like uranium 235 or plutonium 239) |
| Hiroshima, Nagasaki | Nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman |
| Hirohito | Emperor of Japan who renounced his divinity and became a constitutional monarch after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II (1901-1989) |
| [MacArthur] | United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II |
| September 2, 1945 | emperor hirohito officially surrendered on board of USS Missouri; signed surrender V-J Day |
| Holocaust | the systematic extermination of millions of European Jews, as well as Roma, Slavs, intellectuals, homosexuals, and political dissidents, by the Nazis and their allies during World War II. |
| Vichy France | This portion of France was the portion that was not occupied with Germany but followed Germany's every command |
| de Gaulle | French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970) |
| the "Blitz" | Germany bombs London to make them lose morale, had opposite effect. Bombings lasted 57 nights in a row. |
| Atlantic Charter | 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war |
| the "Big Three" | Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin; leaders who met between 1943 and 1945 to coordinate attacks on Germany and Japan, and later to discuss plans for postwar Europe and settlement of Germany. After the war, their armies occupied Germany, each with a separate zone, although governed as a single economic unit. |
| Tehran Conference | First major meeting between the Big Three (United States, Britain, Russia) at which they planned the 1944 (D-Day) assault on France and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after the war |
| Yalta Conference | FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War |
| Potsdam Conference | The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. |
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