A&P Tissue level of organization
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Created by:
l_benitez1 on March 17, 2012
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 4 types of tissue | epithelial tissue connective tissue muscular tissue nervous tissue |
| Epithelial tissue | covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, ducts and forms glands; always have free surface; cells closely packed and held tightly together; avascular |
| Connective tissue | protects supports, and binds organs; stores energy as fat, provides immunity; no free surface; lots of intercellular space; serves as major transport system; main source of immunity response |
| muscular tissue | generates physical force needed to make body structures move and generate body heat; three types- skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| Nervous tissue | detects changes in body and responds by generating nerve impulses |
| Cell junctions | contact point b/w plasma membrane of tissue cells; types: tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, gap junctions |
| Tight junctions | transmembrane protein fuse together outer surfaces of adjecent cells; line stomach intestines, and urinary bladder |
| Adherens junctions | dense layer of proteins called plaque; resist separation of cells during contractile activities; located inside plasma mem. |
| Desmosomes | contain plaque and cadherins that extends into the intercellular space to attach adjacent cells together |
| Hemidesmosomes | resemble desmosomes; do not link adjacent cells; contain transmembrane glycoprotein integrin |
| Gap junctions | connect neighboring cells via tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons |
| Basement membrane | thin extracellular layer that serves as point of attachment and supports overlying epithelial tissue; 2 layers- basal lamina, reticular lamina |
| Simple epithelium | single layer of cells that function in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion or absorption |
| Pseudostratified epithelium | appear to have multiple layers bc cell nuclei at diff levels; all cells do not reach apical surface |
| stratified epithelium | 2 or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of wear and tear |
| Endocrine glands | Release hormones into bloodstream |
| Exocrine glands | Release secretions through ducts that empty onto a surface |
| Extracellular matrix | material located b/w cells; consists of protein fibers and ground substance |
| Fibroblasts | Secrete fibers and components of ground substance |
| Ground substance | b/w cells and fibers; support and bind cells, store water and allow for exchange b/w blood and cells |
| 3 types of fibers | collagen, elastic, reticular |
| Chondrocytes | mature cartilage cells |
| Lacunae | small spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone cells called osteocytes |
| Perichondrium | dense irregular CT that surrounds cartilage; contains blood vessels and nerves |
| Interstitial growth | growth from within the tissue |
| Appostional growth | growth at outer surface of tissue |
| Lamellae | give bone its hardness and compressive strength, and collagen fibers which give bone its tensile strength |
| Canaliculi | networks of minute canals containing processes of osteocytes |
| Haversian canal | contain blood vessels and nerves |
| Mucous membranes | lines a body cavity that opens directly to the exterior including digestive, repiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts |
| Serous membranes | lines body cavity that does not open directly to exterior including thoracic or abdominal cavities; covers organs that are w/in cavites |
| Hyaline cartilage | most common; articular; found @ ends of bones and joints; provide flexibility and support |
| Fibrocartilage | strongest cartilage; found in intervertebral disc(b/w vertebrae) |
| Elastic cartilage | located within a threadlike network of elastic fibers; provide strength and elasticity |
| Neurons | nerve cells; convert stimuli into electrical signals |
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