AP Human Chapter 9 & 11
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Development | The process of improving through the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. |
| Gender Empowerment Index (GEI) | Created by the United Nations and compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making. It is calculated by combining two indicators of economic power and two indicators of political power. |
| Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) | Created by the United Nations and compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes. It reflects the improvements in the standard of living and well being of women. |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | Created by the United Nations and recognizes that a country's level of development is a function of economic, social, and demographic factors. |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country during a year. |
| Less developed country (LDC) | A country in the earlier stages of the development continuum. |
| Literacy rate | The percentage of country's population who can read and write. |
| More developed country (MDC) | A country that has progressed more along the development continuum. |
| Primary sector | Work that involves directly extracting materials from the earth. |
| Productivity | The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. |
| Secondary sector | The manufacturing activities that create finished products out of raw materials. |
| Structural adjustment program | Economic policies which create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly own utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens for services. |
| Tertiary sector | Involves the provision of goods and services, retailing, banking, law, education, and government. |
| Value added | The gross value of a product minus the cost of the raw materials and energy needed to produce the product. |
| Break of Bulk Point | A location where transfer among transportation modes is possible. |
| Bulk gaining industry | An economic activity that makes a product which will gain weight or volume during the production process. |
| Bulk reducing industry | An economic activity in which the final product weighs less than its inputs. |
| Cottage industry | Home based manufacturing of goods. |
| Fordist | The traditional work in factories, where each worker is assigned a task to complete repeatedly. |
| Industrial Revolution | Began in the late 1700's in Great Britain and is characterized by the increased output of machine made goods. |
| Labor-intensive industry | An industry in which labor cost is a high percentage of the expense. |
| Maquiladora | A foreign owned factory in Mexico that produces goods and ships them to the United States for consumption or assembly. |
| New International Division of Labor | Putting the Fordist idea on an international scale. When transnational corporations have divided labor intensive work to LDC's and more skilled labor remains in the MDC's. |
| Post-Fordist | Those workers who are relatively skilled and need to master a wider variety of assignments. |
| Right-to-work state | States in the United States which have passed laws that prevent companies and unions from forming contracts that require workers to join a union as a condition of employment. |
| Site factors | One of the two geographic costs an ordinary company will face and results from the unique characteristics of location (land, labor, and capital). |
| Situation factors | One of the two geographic costs an ordinary company will face and involves the transportation of materials to and from a factory. |
| Textile | Woven fabrics. The first area to undergo industrialization. |
| Trading bloc | There are three of them around the world: Western Hemisphere, Western Europe, and East Asia. Countries within each cooperate in trade, but compete with the other two. |
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