American Government Chapter 18
About this set
Created by:
Auntie_Tracy Plus on March 18, 2012
Classes:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bail | Money deposited to guarantee a court appearance; allows the accused freedom while awaiting trial (Ch. 18) |
| Bill of Attainder | A bill permitting punishment without trial (Ch. 18) |
| Capital Punishment | The death penalty (Ch. 18) |
| Civil Liberties | Protection from arbitrary government intrusion upon individual freedoms and rights (Ch. 18) |
| Civil Rights | Governmental actions ensuring that liberties protected in the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Amendments XI-XXVII are extended to all citizens (Ch. 18) |
| Clear and Present Danger Test | A test for justifying limitations on free speech based on the requirement that the danger be genuine and that the speech actually incites violent action rather than just endorses it (Ch. 18) |
| Defamation | Malicious words damaging reputation or character. See also libel and slander (Ch. 18) |
| Double Jeopardy | Trying a person twice for the same crime in the same court (Ch. 18) |
| Due Process | Certain legal procedures by which the government must abide in order to protect the rights of the accused (Ch. 4, 18) |
| Establishment Clause | Prevents the government from establishing any religion as the official national religion; in subsequent court cases it has been interpreted as justification for a wall of separation between church and state (Ch. 18) |
| Ex Post Facto Laws | Laws passed and applied to actions that were not criminal when they were committed; laws that impose harsher punishments than the law allowed at the time of the criminal act (Ch. 18) |
| Exclusionary Rule | Excludes illegally obtained evidence from use in court (Ch. 18) |
| Free Exercise Clause | Protects religious practices from government restriction within broad, reasonable boundaries (Ch. 18) |
| Good Faith Rule | Supreme Court ruling that evidence obtained by an officer acting reasonably and in good faith cannot be excluded from testimony even if the warrant was defective (Ch. 18) |
| Grand Jury | A jury consisting of a panel of citizens who consider the prosecution's case against the accused and decide whether to issue an indictment (Ch. 6, 18) |
| Incorporation | (1) Process by which a state establishes a city as a legal government body by giving it a charter establishing the parameters in which it can operate (Ch. 3) (2) Process by which the Bill of Rights was incorporated into the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and thereby applied to all state and local governments (Ch. 18) |
| Lemon Test | A three-pronged test used to guide court decisions regarding the establishment clause; laws must have a secular legislative purpose, neither advance or inhibit religion, and produce no excessive entanglement between government and a religious institution. See also establishment clause (Ch. 18) |
| Libel | Published false statements that damage reputation or character (Ch. 6, 18) |
| Litigation | Legal proceedings, such as lawsuits (Ch. 18) |
| Miranda rule | A list of rights and warnings of which the police must inform the accused prior to questioning (Ch. 18) |
| Petty Offences | Those offences warranting a sentence of six months or less and consequently not requiring a jury trial (Ch. 18) |
| Precincts | Smallest units of election districts and party administration (Ch. 9, 18) |
| Prior Restraint | Principle that the government may not suppress a story prior to its publication (Ch. 10, 18) |
| Probable Cause | Reasonable evidence that a crime has been committed or is about to be committed (Ch. 18) |
| Procedural Due Process | Regulations that ensure the just administration and enforcement of laws (Ch. 18) |
| Registration | Official enrollment with local election officials for the purpose of voting (Ch. 9, 18) |
| Search Warrant | A warrant giving legal authorization for a search (Ch. 18) |
| Sedition | Speech aimed at overthrowing the government and endangering national security (Ch. 18) |
| Self-Incrimination | Testimony in a criminal case that would incriminate the witness giving the testimony (Ch. 18) |
| Shield Laws | Laws protecting the journalist's right to refuse to divulge the identity of a secret source (Ch. 10, 18) |
| Slander | False verbally communicated statements which damage one's reputation or character (Ch. 6, 10, 18) |
| Substantive Due Process | Regulations ensuring that the substance of laws, their purposes and provisions, must protect fundamental rights (Ch. 18) |
| Subversion | Attempts to undermine and overthrow government authority (Ch. 18) |
| Symbolic Speech | The expression of ideas through actions or symbols instead of words (Ch. 18) |
| Time-Place-Manner Laws | Local government ordinances restricting public demonstrations to particular streets, sidewalks, or public parks during specified periods of time (Ch. 18) |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | A court order that forces authorities to quickly charge and try an arrested person or else release him (Ch. 6, 18) |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.