Chapter 9
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112 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The joint between a tooth and an alveolar socket is called .... | gomphosis |
| Which joint is most movable | synovial |
| What covers the ends of bones in synovial joints.... | articular cartilage |
| The function of a bursa is to | provide a fluid-filled cushion |
| The joint capsule | is a double layer of tissue that encloses a synovial joint |
| Synovial Fluid | is a think lubricating film covering the surface of a joint |
| RFE | first class lever seesaw |
| FRE | second class lever wheelbarrow |
| REF | third class lever paddling canoe |
| The hyaline cartilage that attaches a rib to the sternum forms ... | a synchondrosis |
| A knuckle joint is | a condyloid joint |
| The pubic symphysis is made up of ... | fibrocartilage |
| The articular cartilage found in synovial joint is ... | hyaline cartilage |
| The crescent shaped meniscus in the knee joint is composed of ... | fibrocartilage |
| This part of the synovial joint encloses the cavitym, retains the synovial fluid, and is continuous with the periosteum... | fibrous capsule |
| The elbow is an example of what type of joint... | hinge |
| If you are moving your head from side to side to say no you are using what type of joint.... | pivot |
| The movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion is .... | circumduction |
| A uniaxial joint like the elbow is capable of what movement.... | flexion and extension |
| Which synovial joint is most moveable.... | ball and socket |
| Rotating your forearm so that the palm faces forward or up is called .... | supination |
| Monaxial | moves through one plane one degree of freedom |
| Biaxial | moves through two planes two degrees of freedom |
| Multiaxial | moves through all planes three degrees of freedom |
| How are joints functionally classified... | by degree of movement |
| What are the three functional classifications of joints... | synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis |
| Synarthrosis | immovable |
| Amphiarthrosis | slightly moveable |
| Diarthrosis | freely moveable |
| How are joints structurally classified... | by what is holding the bones together |
| Bony Joint | gap between bones, ossifies, immovable |
| Fibrous Joint | collagen fibers join the bones |
| Types of Fibrous Joints | Sutures, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis |
| Sutures | join cranial bones - 3 types - serrate, lap, plane |
| What are the three types of sutures.... | serrate, lap, plane |
| Syndesmosis | slightly movable due to longer collagen fibers |
| Gomphosis | attach tooth to the bony socket |
| What are the structural classifications of joints... | bony joint, fibrous joint, cartilagenous joint, synovial joint |
| Cartilagenous Joints | Synchondrosis, Symphysis |
| Synchondrosis | hyaline cartilage joining bones |
| Symphysis | fibrocartilage |
| Examples of Synchondrosis | Epiphyseal Plate, Costal Cartilage - ribs to sternum |
| Examples of Symphysis | Pubic Symphysis, Intervertebral Discs |
| Pubic Symphysis | anterior joint between coxal bones |
| Intervertebral Discs | pads between vertebrae |
| Synovial Joint | joint capsule that encloses the joint- the joint cavity contains synovial fluid has two layers fibrous capsule, synovial membrane |
| Fibrous Capsule | outer layer |
| Synovial Membrane | secrete synovial fluid |
| Articular Disc | grow in from capsule and divides the capsule into two cavities |
| Meniscus | cartilage pads, do not extend across entire joint |
| Accessory Structures | tendons, ligaments, bursa |
| Tendons | fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone |
| Bursa | fibrous sacs, filled with synovial fluid, pad to protect or prevent irritation where tendons or muscles over bone |
| Factors for degree of flexibility | articular surfaces of the bones, ligaments, action of muscles |
| Classes of Synovial Joints | gliding joint, hinge joint, pivot joints, condyloid joint, saddle joints, ball and socket |
| Gliding Joint | 2 flat surfaces that slide carpals and tarsals |
| Hinge Joint | monaxial - one plane - elbow, knee, fingers |
| Pivot Joints | rotate on axis c1 and c2 vertebrae proximal radius/ulna |
| Condyloid Joint | biaxial knuckles - between metacarpals and phalanges |
| Saddle Joint | base of thumb |
| Ball and Socket | multiaxial shoulder, humerus, scapula/divide |
| Flexion | downward angle |
| Extension | upward angle, straighten joint |
| Abduction | move body part away from midline raise arm/legs to side |
| Adduction | bring body part back to midline |
| Circumduction | stationary end with other moving in circles |
| Rotation | bone spins on axis |
| Supination | palms forward/ up |
| Pronation | palms back/ down |
| Inversion | foot, sole medial |
| Eversion | foot, sole lateral |
| Dorsiflexion | toes up |
| Plantar Flexion | toes down, ballerina |
| Elevation | raise body, shrug |
| Depression | move down |
| Protraction | anterior movement in transverse plane |
| Retraction | posterior movement in transverse plane |
| Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? | it contains hyaluronic acid |
| When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane, it is called: | abduction |
| Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are | amphiarthroses |
| On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? | syndesmosis |
| The following characteristics define what type of joint: presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments? | hinge joint |
| An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a | suture |
| Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of: | hyperextension |
| Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to: | provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints. |
| Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints...this is true about what movements | gliding |
| Fibrous joints are classified as: | sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. |
| A joint that is known as a suture is found: | in the skull only |
| Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint: | the trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal. |
| The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to: | the feet |
| All synovial joints are .... and .... | free and moveable |
| Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called: | bursae |
| act as friction-reducing structures..... | tendon sheaths |
| With .... exception, all bones of the body articulate with at least one other. | one |
| The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called: | cruciate ligaments |
| If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a | small sac containing fluid |
| Menisci refers to | semilunar cartilage pads |
| An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is: | the radius and ulna along it's length |
| A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. | gomphosis |
| The shoulder joint is a good example of a ________ synovial joint. | multiaxial |
| In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with: | hyaline cartilage |
| ________ are cartilaginous joints. | synchondroses |
| cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones | synchondroses |
| The only movement allowed in a pivot joint is: | uniaxial rotation |
| When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as: | plantar flexion |
| permit essentially no movement | synarthrotic joints |
| The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the _______ joint | plane |
| Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by: | excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints. |
| Multiaxial joints of the body include: | the hip and shoulder |
| Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? | the patellar ligament |
| A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a: | symphysis |
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