Foundations: 6 Medieval Europe
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iluvsouthpark on March 18, 2012
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 4 names for the Middle Ages | Middle Ages Dark Ages Age of Faith Feudal Ages |
| Medieval Europe (year) | 476CE-1400CE |
| Lords | People who owned big plots of land |
| Concern for Lords | Being invaded by other lords |
| Feuds/fiefs | Divided big plots of lands Given to the vassals |
| Vassal | People who own the feuds/fiefs |
| Homage | Ceremony of giving the vassal the feuds/fiefs Extremely holy, swear loyalty |
| Fealty | Something that a vassal swears to the lord. Strong bond, loyalty |
| Duties of a Vassal | 1. Make sure land is safe: hire knights 2. Tax of grain: to pay lord 3. Provide shelter, food and lodging: For when the lord visits |
| Sub-vassal | when a feuds are too big same responsibilities as a vassal |
| Manors | Where peasants and serfs lived Cotton plantations |
| Peasants | Theoretically free, worked at manors |
| Peasant life: pros | Always had family, food, and a job Could become a priest |
| Peasant life: cons | Can only leave a 25 mile radius from the manor |
| Food for Peasants/Serfs | Bread, peas, beans, ale/wine Sunday: Pea's porridge, lasts for a week |
| Serfs | Bound to the land |
| Serfs: pros | no worry about food, with family, always had a job |
| Serfs: cons | life was miserable, no chance of advancement, no place to move (born, lived, and died on a manor) |
| Social System | Lords Vassals Knights Peasants Serfs |
| February | Mud month Peasants/Serfs spread manure (Fertilization) |
| Hierarchy of Church | Pope Cardinals (200 people) Bishop Priest-only ones servants can become, but can't rise from them. |
| Sunday | One day of the week 7hrs of church |
| Language | Olde english, latin, greek Depends on region |
| Charlemagne | year 1800 Pope is tried to recreate roman empire- crowned a lord from France to be the first holy roman empire problem: not holy, not Roman, not Emperor |
| Problems with the Holy Roman Empire | Not holy, not Roman, not Emperor |
| Church | Tremendous power over life Told people: life is a pilgrimage |
| Pilgrimage | Holy Journey |
| Judgement day | When you die, Jesus appears and judges if you should go to heaven or hell |
| 1st sacrament | Baptism-Given your christian name |
| 2nd sacrament | Confirmation - 13 years to church, accepted into the church |
| 3rd sacrament | Communion - eat Bread/wafer and drink wine Bread/wafer represents the body of christ Wine represents the blood of christ |
| 4th sacrament | Confession/Penance "Forgive me father, for I have sinned" "Your penance is to say ___ hail mary's" |
| 5th sacrament | Holy Matrimony- get married in a church. blessed by a priest (optional: priests can't get married) |
| 6th sacrament | Holy Orders - become priest or nun (optional) |
| 7th sacrament | Last rights - have a priest bless you and have your last confession before you die (optional: the priest may not get to you in time) |
| Excommunicated | Kicked out of church, can't follow the sacraments, go to hell Peasants will think you are a devil or witch |
| Interdicted | Lord or king would argue with pope The entire kingdom can't take sacraments |
| Henri IV | Fights with pope, and gets an interdict put on his land |
| Canossa | Place of which Henry IV was forced to apologize to the Pope by standing outside barefoot in the snow for three days |
| Church during the Middle Ages | Didn't want people to be educated because thinking starts questioning. Church - don't think, don't question |
| Saddle and Stirrups | Two equipments knights used for horses |
| Plate | Whole armor suit for a knight Pros: Protected Cons: Heavy, hard to move, really hot, really expensive |
| Chainmail | Vest like mesh For the head and body of knights leather sleeves cheaper armor, more popular |
| Knight | Age 21 Must come from a good family Get dubbed - lord taps your shoulders with a sword to represent Christ's wounds |
| Page | Age 7 First step in becoming a knight |
| Squire | Age 14 Training to be a knight, learns the knight's code of honor, and courtly love |
| Chivalry | Knights code of honor Protect: lady, feudal lord, and heavenly lord, true gentlemen |
| Courtly Love | A game between knights and ladies Knights try to "woo" the ladies, ladies play hard to get |
| Jousting | A tournament to determine the greatest knight |
| Keep | A strong stone tower; main tower; donjon; stronghold. |
| Draw bridge | Bridge used in the entrance of castle drawn from the front |
| Defense (Castle) | Threw hot oil, rocks, arrows |
| Moat | Water outside the castle and around |
| Attack (Castles) | Arrows, Battering ram, Catapult: diseased animals (cows), ladders |
| Crusades | Christian holy wars |
| Church, lords, and kings - Crusades | They thought that if the crusades were a success, their power would rise |
| Peasants - Crusades | Joined crusades for god or for themselves |
| Peter the Hermit | A peasant from Germany Started the People's crusade |
| People's Crusade | Leader - Peter the Hermit A crusade made up of peasants killed Jews - total disaster |
| Infidels/Heretic | Someone who doesn't believe in the same religion as you |
| 1095 | Year the crusades started |
| Pope Urban II | Started the crusades Muslims were harassing Christian pilgrims visiting Jerusalem, capture Jerusalem so Christians can visit |
| Saladin | New Muslim leader. Wins back Jerusalem |
| Early 1100s | Major Crusades Christians Vs. Muslims for Jerusalem |
| Three Kings Crusade | Late 1100s Get back Jerusalem |
| Frederick Barbossa | German Leader from the Three Kings Crusade |
| Philip Augustus | French Leader from the Three Kings Crusade |
| Richard the Lion-Hearted | England leader from the Three Kings Crusade (Son of Henry II) Kidnapped by king of Austria and was held for ransom (it was paid) |
| What happened to the 3 kings? | Philip fights with Richard-returns to France Frederick Barbossa-drowns in a river, dies Richard - fights Saladin alone |
| Richard vs. Saladin | Became friends before their fight War was a draw, make a deal instead - muslims will control over the holy land, but Christian pilgrims are free to enter |
| Prince John | Brother of Richard the Lion-Hearted Not a popular king didn't want to pay ransom for Richard |
| Children's Crusade | France, 5000 children Kids got sold at Northern Africa for slavery by rotten sailors |
| Stephen of Cloyes | Leader of the Children's Crusade Age 11 |
| Venice Double-cross | Merchant city Crusade, half way to Jerusalem, change their minds, attack Constantinople, another large merchant city |
| Ottoman Turks | Wiped out constantinople after Venice |
| Result of Crusades | More Materialistic Discover writings- Romans and Greeks, Cities start to rise in Europe Lead to the renaissance Church's power weakens |
| What makes a nation 1 | 1. Language |
| What makes a nation 2 | 2. Ethnicity |
| What makes a nation 3 | 3. Religion |
| What makes a nation 4 | 4. Patriotism |
| What makes a nation 5 | 5. Flag |
| What makes a nation 6 | 6. Currency |
| What makes a nation 7 | 7. Heroes |
| What makes a nation 8 | 8. Laws |
| Wat makes a nation 9 | 9. Government |
| What makes a nation 10 | 10. Economic System |
| What makes a nation 11 | 11. Define Boundaries |
| What makes a nation 12 | 12. Defend, army |
| Normandy | A region in Northern France people from the north were called Vikings, Norse mans, or Norman's |
| William of Normandy | A duke from France Attacks Harold and the Saxons Starts the battle of Hastings |
| Battle of Hastings | 1066 William of Normandy Vs. Harold and Saxons William wins |
| Henry II | 50 years after the Battle of Hastings Takes over after William Constantly arguing with the archbishop of Canterbury |
| Archbishop of Canterbury | Constantly fighting with Henry II |
| Thomas A'Beckett | Friend of Henry the II Becomes Archbishop of Canterberry, takes job seriously Gets killed by 4 knights |
| Thomas A'Beckett's death | Henry makes Thomas the new Bishop Thomas and Henry start fighting Thomas flees to France, furious, the pope initiates an interdict. The two come back as friends. Soon, they fight again. Henry says "won't someone just kill him" The 4 knights overhear, and kill Thomas. |
| 4 knights | The four knights that kill Thomas |
| Magna Carta | 1215 England and France are in a war King John asks the Nobles for help Nobles made him sign the Magna Carta -Innocent until proven guilty -Punishment shall fit the crime -King is under the law -King must consult his Nobles before raising the taxes |
| Parliament | Formed in 1295 Road to Democracy |
| 100 years war | 1337-1453 England Vs. France Actually 116 years |
| Battle of Crecy | First war in the Hundred Years war Long bow-created by Englands, penetrated armor, knights became obsolete |
| Black Plague | 1340's Brought an end to the 100 year war Came from Asia (Mongols) Catapulted diseased animals Rats spread it to people 1/3 of Europe died from it |
| Joan of Arc | 1400s- god tells her "lead the french army" Father is worried, thinking that she is hearing voices from the devils, Uncle takes her to Paris Passes the test to see the king: picked him out from a line of men Wins the Battle of Orleans at the age of 18 |
| Joan of Arc's death | Captured outside a city. Put on trial for being a witch. First agrees for life in prison, few days later she changes her mind and was burnt at the stake. Later on, people made her into a Saint. |
| Battle of Orleans | Battle Joan of Arc lead and won |
| 1453 | The year the Hundred years war ends No real winner 1. End the idea of knights 2. England and France become more nationalistic |
| War of Roses | England has a civil war after the Hundred years war between the House of Yorks and House of Lancaster |
| Henry VII | Wins the war of Roses Lancaster Marries a woman from York to unify the families, starts the Tudor family |
| House of Lancaster | Wore red roses |
| House of Yorks | Wore white roses |
| Barber Shop | Where you get your hair cut Also doctors-depending on how sick you are, the amount of leeches are put on you or cut your wrist Reason why poles outside are red-from the blood |
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