Cognitive Development in Infancy (5)
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Created by:
itsthesmiths on March 18, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sensorimotor stage (Substage 1) | Piaget's first stage of development in which infant's use information from their seneses and motor actions to learn about the world (0-1 months) |
| primary circular reaction (Substage 2) | simple repetitive actions organized around an infant's own body (1-4 months) |
| secondary circular reaction (Substage 3) | repeatedly exhibits a behavior to produce a desired outcome (4-8 months) |
| means-end behavior (Substage 4) | purposeful behavior to a achieve a goal (8-12 months) |
| tertiary circular reaction (Substage 5) | experiments with different behavior to get a desired outcome (12-18 months) |
| primary circular reaction (Substage 2) | a baby repeatedly sucking their thumb is what type of reaction |
| means-end behavior (Substage 4) | a baby moving a toy out of the way to get to another toy is what type of reaction |
| secondary circular reaction (Substage 3) | a baby repeatedly cooing to get mom to smile is what type of reaction |
| tertiary circular reaction (Substage 5) | a baby dropping a toy from different heights to see if it makes a different sound is what type of reaction |
| object permanence | realization that objects still exist when hidden from site |
| deferred imitation | imitation that occurs in the absence of the model who first demonstrated it |
| A-not-B error (substage 4) | tendency for a child to look for an object in the last seen position rather than to the place they have seen a person move it |
| challenges to Piaget's viewpoint | underestimated cognitive capcity of infants, wrongly equated lack of physical ability with cognitive understanding, computer technology suggests object permenance occurs earlier |
| Elizabeth Spelke | believes that babies are born with built in assumptions that guide their interactions with objects |
| object concept | an infant's understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave |
| violation-of-expectations method | a research strategy in which researchers move an object in one way after haaving taught an infant to expect it to move in another |
| Renee Baillargeon | believes that knowledge about objects is NOT built in, but that the strategies for learning are innate |
| learning | permanent changes in behavior that result from experience |
| Schematic learning | organization of experiences into expectancies or "known" combinations |
| Carolyn Rovee-Collier | this person's research showed that babies as young as 3 months old can remember specific objects for up to a week |
| behaviorist | language development begins with babbling is a ______________ view |
| nativist | children make rule-governed grammatical errors is a ______________ view |
| Language Aquisition Device (LAD) | an innate language processor that contains the basic grammatical structure of all human language |
| interactionist | language development is part of a broader cognitive process, infants are more prepared to pay attention to language, language is used to express only thoughts they have already formed is a ______________ view |
| Infant Directed Speech (IDS) | Baby talk or speech that is directed in a higher pitch, elongated or repeated |
| crying | primary milestone of language development from birth to 1 month |
| cooing | primary milestone of language development from 1 - 2 months |
| babbling | primary milestone of language development from 6 to 7 months |
| hand gesturing with vocalization | primary milestone of language development from 9 to 10 months |
| receptive language | the ability to understand language |
| 8 months | children begin to store language in memory at what age |
| 20-30 words | A 9-10 month old can understand how many words |
| 100 words | A 13 month old can understand how many words |
| expressive language | the ability to produce words |
| holophrases | combination of gestures and single words that convey more meaning than just the word alone |
| naming explosion | a period of rapid vocabulary growth |
| telegraphic speech | simple two-word sentences that usually include a noun and a verb |
| inflections | additions to words that change their meaning (plurals, past tense, tone) |
| expressive style | style of word learning characterized by low rates of noun-like terms and high use of personal social words and phrases |
| referential style | style of word learning characterized by emphasis on things and people and their naming description |
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