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Cell Division process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells Mitosis part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm during cell division Chromatid one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome Centromere area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached Interphase period of the cell cycle between cell division Cell Cycle series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide Prophase first and longest phase pf mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus Centriole one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope Spindle fanlike microtubule structure that helps seperate the chromosomes during mitosis Metaphase second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell Anaphase the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles Telophase fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material Puberty period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional Scrotum external sac containing the testes Seminiferous Tubules one of hundreds of tiny tubules in the testes in which sperm is produced Epididymis structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm fully mature and are store Vas Deferens tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra Urethra tube that carries urine form the baldder and releases it from the body; in males, tube through which semen is released from the body Penis external male reproductive system Follicle cluster of cells surrounding a single egg in the human female reproductive system Ovulation process in which an egg is released from the ovary Fallopian Tube one of two fluid-filled tubes in human females through which an egg passes after its release from an ovary Uterus organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop Vagina in the human female reproductive system, a canal that leads from the uterus to the outside of the body Zygote fertilized egg Implantation process in which a blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus Differentiation process in which cells become specialized in structure and function Gastrulation process of cell migration by which a third layer of cells is formed within the cavity of the blastocyst Neurulation development of the nervous system Placenta organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother Fetus name given to a human embryo after eight weeks of development