5 Written Questions

1. Region of Brazil located in mountainous interior where gold strikes were discovered in 1695; became location for gold rush.
2. Signed in 1494 between Castile and Portugal; clarified spheres of influence and rights of posession in New World, reserved Brazil to Portugal; granted all lands west of Brazil to Spain
3. The term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed african and european descent
4. Brazilian port; close to mines of Minas Gerais; importance grew with gold strikes; became colonial capital in 1763.
5. Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops

5 Matching Questions

1. Marquis of Pombal
2. Creoles
3. Potosi
4. War of Spanish Succession
5. Capitaincies

1. a Prime minister of Portugal from 1755 to 1776; acted to strengthen royal authority in Brazil; expelled Jesuits; enacted fiscal reforms and established monopoly companies to stimulate the colonial economy.
2. b Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America.
3. c descendents of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status
4. d A conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France.
5. e Strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor Portuguese nobles for development; enjoyed limited success in developing the colony.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. a Native American people of the Caribbean islands - the first group encountered by Columbus and his men when they reached the Americas
   1. Taino
   2. mulatto
   3. Lima
   4. Mita
2. Spanish chief executives in the New World who carried out the wishes of the monarch
   1. Iberians
   2. Viceroys
   3. Creoles
   4. Galleons
3. The institution responsible for supervising Spain's colonies in the Americas from 1524 to the early eighteenth century, when it lost all but judicial responsibilites.
   1. Council of the Indies
   2. Treaty of Todesillas
   3. amigos de pais
   4. Capitaincies
4. King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685) who reigned during the Restoration, a period of expanding trade and colonization as well as strong opposition to Catholicism
   1. Charles II
   2. Haciendas
   3. Creoles
   4. Charles III
5. Spanish colony in North America including Mexico, Central America, the southwest United States, and many of the Carribean islands from the 1500s to the 1800s After Defeat of Aztecs
   1. Recopilacion
   2. Potosi
   3. Taino
   4. New spain

5 True/False Questions

1. Salvador → University-trained lawyers from Spain in the New World; juridical core of Spanish colonial bureaucracy; exercised both legislative and administrative functions.

   True        False

2. Moctezuma → People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain

   True        False

3. amigos de pais → clubs and associations dedicated to reform in spanish colonies; flourished during the 18th century; called for material improvement rather than political reform

   True        False

4. Bartolome de Las Casas → First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor, (476

   True        False

5. Lima → the labor tribute demanded by the Inca state that required all able-bodied citizens to work for the state a certain number of days every year.

   True        False