Chapter 35 (part 2)
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Created by:
mackadenzie14 on March 18, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Meristems | Perpetually embryonic tissues |
| Apical Meristems | Located in root tips and shoot buds; involved in primary growth |
| Primary Growth | -The root tip contains 3 zones of cells -Near tip of rot -The root is covered by root cap which protects meristem and secretes a polysaccharide coating that lubricates the soil ahead of the growing root -Elongation |
| Zone Of Cell Division | -Near tip of root -Includes apical meristem and quiescent center (slowly dividing cells may serve as replacement cells in the event of damage to meristem) |
| Zone Of Cell Elongation | -Above the zone of cell division -Cells elongate to at least 10x their original length -Elongation of cells here pushes the root tip through soil |
| Zone of Maturation | -Located farthest from the root tip -Where new cells become specialized |
| Primary Tissues of Roots | -Protoderm -Procambium -Ground Meristem |
| Protoderm | -Outermost primary meristem -Gives rise to to epidermis |
| Procambium | -Forms a stele where xylem and phloem develop (difference between monocots and dicots!) |
| Stele | Central Cylinder |
| Ground Maristem | -located between protoderm and procambium -Has endodermis (innermost layer of cortex; forms boundary between cortex and stele) -Stores food -FIlls the cortex (root area between stele and epidermis) -Gives rise to ground tissue system |
| Laterl Roots | May sprout from the outermost layer of the stele (the PERICYCLE) - as a result, the lateral root maintains its vascular connection to the stele of the main root |
| Tissue Organization of Stems | -Vacular tissue is organized into strands of vascular bundles that run the length of the stem -Each vascular bundle is surrounded by ground tissue -These converge at the shoot - root transition to join the root stele |
| Dicots | -Ground tissue includes PITH (inside) and CORTEX (outside) -Vascular bundles are arranged in a RING with XYLEM facing PITH (inside) PHLOEM facing CORTEX (outside) |
| Monocots | -Vascular bundles scattered randomly (PIZZA) -Stem ground tissue is mostly parenchyma |
| Tissue Organization of Leaves | -Epidermis -Stomata |
| Stomata | Pores flanked by guard cells which regulate gas exchange and allow for transpiration (water loss) |
| DICOTS HAVE.... | Two mesophyll regions |
| Palisade parenchyma | Upper half of leaf; cellsare collum-shaped |
| Spongy Parenchyma | lower half of leaf cells equipped to perform photosynthesis |
| Secondary Growth | Thickening of roots and shoots |
| Vascular Cambium | -Produced secondary xylem and phloem -Xylem forms inside (wood) Phloem forms outside |
| Cork Cambium | -Produces a tough, thick covering for roots and stems that replaces the epidermis -Form to the outside |
| Periderm | The combination of cork cambium and layers of cork (xylem) |
| Bark | All tissues external to the vascular cmabium (phloem) |
| Secondary Growth in Roots (in cork) | -Vascular cambium and cork cambium are also present in roots -In roots and periderm is water resistant so... the secondary xylem and phloem anchor the plant and transport nutrients |
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