1.
action potential: Electrical signal reaches axon terminal =>
2.
acute: Type of Brain Disorder: Damage restricted to a region, multiple neural cell types must be replaced (i.e., stroke, spinal injury, CNS injury.
3.
All-or-None principle: if a neuron is going to 'fire' (send an electrical signal), it must do so completely. This also means that signals are not measured by their intensity, but rather the number of impulses per second.
4.
Alzheimer's: a form of dementia which is currently incurable, degenerative, and terminal.
--Cause of disease is unknown; thought to be associated with plaques and tangles in the brain.
5.
axon: The __ is surrounded by the myelin sheath.
6.
axon: The ___ carries nerve signals away from the soma down to the ___ terminal where the synapse is located.
7.
axon: where a majority of the output of information occurs
8.
calcium ions released: "Action potential" =>
9.
chronic: Type of Brain Disorder: progressive neuro-degeneration requiring the replacement of all neural cell types in large brain regions.
10.
Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System: Examples:
Huntington's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Fatal familial insomnia
Friedreich's ataxia
Prion diseases
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Rett syndrome
11.
dendrites: cellular extensions with many branches, and metaphorically this overall shape and structure is referred to as a tree.
12.
dendrites: where the majority of input to the neuron occurs
13.
excites/inhibits receptors: Neurotransmitters travel across "synaptic gap" and bind to receptors on dendrites =>
14.
Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord
-- Caused by inflammation which damages the myelin sheath
15.
myelin sheath: acts as an insulator for the axon so electrical currents can travel faster down the axon.
16.
nervous: system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia.
17.
Neural Stem Cell: a single cell with the ability to:
-proliferate
-exhibit self-maintenance or self-renewal over the lifetime of the organism
-generate a large number of clonally related progeny,
-retain its multilineage potential over time
-produce new cells in response to injury or disease
18.
Neurogenetic Disorder: caused by a mutation of a gene or a different form of a gene that specifically affects the brain. They can be inherited or caused by environmental factors.
Some examples are: Tay-Sachs and Wilsons Disease
19.
Neuron: an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through chemical and electrical signals
20.
neurotransmitters released: Calcium ions released =>
21.
Parkinson's Disease: Degenerative disease that most notably affects victim's motor skills and speech
--caused by the insufficient production and activity of dopamine in the midbrain.
22.
reuptake: where unused transmitters are brought back into the axon terminal
23.
reuptake: Receptors receive neurotransmitters =>
24.
soma: the central part of the neuron
25.
the cell body (soma), dendrites, axon: What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
