| Term | Definition |
|---|
| polymerization | the process that marcomolecules are formed in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together |
| monomers | smaller units that form polymers |
| polymers | are made of many monemers |
| 4 groups of organic compounds | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
| carbohydrates | are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxgen atoms/ use this for their source of energy |
| starches | living things store this extra sugar as complex carbohydrates |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecules/ include glucose, galactose, componets of milk, and fructose found in fruits |
| polysaccharides | large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides |
| glycogen | many animals store extra sugars in a polysaccharide/ animal starch |
| cellulose | give plants much of their strength and rigidity |
| lipids | made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms/ fats, oils, and waxes/ used to store energy |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorus/ store and transmit hereditary, or genetic info. |
| nucleotides | consists of three parts: a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. / can be joined by a covalent bond to form a polynucleotide |
| ribonucleic acid | contains sugar ribose |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | contains the sugar deoxyribose |
| proteins | macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen/ are polymers of molecules |
| amino acids | compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end. |
| roles of proteins | control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes/ some are used to form bones and muscles/ others transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight diseases |
| 1st level of protein organization | sequence of amino acids in a protein chain |
| second | amino acids within a chain can be twisted or folded |
| third | the chain itself folding |
Combine with other sets
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