Mr. Barnes is Awesome 1
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barnes3434 on March 19, 2012
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MAJOR ERAS OF US HISTORY
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127 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Revolutionary Era | Maturing colonial economies; increasing tension with Great Britain leads to war with Great Britain |
| Westward Expansion | growth in transportation and industry; Jacksonian democracy; Manifest Destiny; removal of Native Americans |
| Civil War and Reconstruction | War over states' rights to secede and emancipation: union preserved; new rights for African Americans |
| Progressive Era | Reform- urban problems; temperance, government and business corruption; women's rights. |
| World War I | European conflict challenges U.S. policy of neutrality; Allied victory makes the world safe for democracy. |
| Roaring Twenties | Business booms, superficial prosperity; new lifestyles for women; growth of mass media; Red scarce. |
| Great Depression | World trade declines, banks fail, high unemployment, urban and rural poverty, New Deal expands role of federal government. |
| World War II | Dictators threaten world peace on 2 fronts- Europe and Pacific; mobilizes U.S. economy and industry; U.S. a world leader. |
| Cold War | Tension between U.S. and Communist USSR; threat of nuclear war; McCarthyism. |
| Civil Rights Movement | Nonviolent protest- voting rights, desegregation; federal support vs.states' resistance; Black Power and urban riots. |
| Vietnam War | Domino theory- contain communism; war divides the country- campus protest, draft resistance. |
| Holocaust | systematic murder of 11 million Jews and other people by Nazis before and during World War II |
| Imperialism | Policy of extending national influence over other countries by political, economic, or military means |
| Industrial Revolution | the change in society that occurred through replacing hand tools with machines and developed large-scale industry, late 19th-early 20th-century. |
| Inflation | increase in prices or decline in purchasing power caused by an increase in the supply of money. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Southern laws that separated whites and blacks. |
| judicial branch | interprets the laws and Constitution. |
| Korean War | war between North (supported by China) and South (supported by U.S. and U.N.) Korea, 1950-1953 |
| legislative branch | makes laws |
| Loyalist | a colonist who supported the British government during the American Revolution. |
| Manhattan Project | secret U.S. program to develop the atomic bomb during WWII |
| manifest destiny | 19th-century belief that the US. would expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory. |
| McCarthyism | making or threatening to make public accusations of disloyalty without offering evidence, as done by Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950's. |
| monopoly | complete control of an industry by a single company |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to promote racial equality |
| nationalism | devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation |
| Nazism | Hitler's political philosophy based on nationalism, racism, and military expansionism in 1930's Germany. |
| New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt's program to alleviate problems for the Great Depression. |
| nullification | a state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress it considers unconstitutional. |
| Panama Canal | artificial waterway built to facilitate travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, opened 1914. |
| Patriot | colonist who supported American independence. |
| poll tax | an annual tax formerly required of voters in some Southern states. |
| progressive movement | early 20th-century reform movement focused on quality of life as well as business and government corruption. |
| prohibition | banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages. |
| Puritan | committed to removing all trace of Roman Catholic ritual from the Church of England. |
| Reconstruction | period of rebuilding after the Civil War, former Confederate states readmitted to the Union. |
| republic | government in which citizens rule through elected representatives |
| Scopes trial | 1925 trial over the teaching of evolution in Tennessee |
| secession | formal with drawl of a state from the Union. |
| segregation | separation of people based on race |
| Marbury vs Madison | 1803-established the principle of judicial review |
| Dred Scott vs Sandford | 1857-ruled that African Americans were not citizens of the U.S. |
| Plessy vs Ferguson | 1896-Established the principle of "separate but equal" |
| Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka | 1954-overturned Plessy vs Ferguson, mandated desegregation |
| Miranda vs Arizona | 1966-police required to inform all criminal suspects of their constitutional rights, "Miranda Rights," before questioning -right to remain silent -warning that what suspect says can be used against them -can have attorney before and during questioning |
| Roe vs Wade | 1973-gave women the right to seek abortion in the first three months of pregnancy |
| Samuel Adams | 1722-1803 -Revolutionary leader, Sons of Liberty,anti-federalist |
| Susan B. Anthony | 1820-1906 -Women's Rights Leader, Women's Suffrage, -NWSA (National Woman Suffrage Association) |
| Alexander Graham Bell | 1847-1922 -Invented telephone (1876) |
| John C. Calhoun | 1782-1850 -Vice Pres, Nullification theory |
| John Brown | 1800-1859 -Extreme abolitionist, -led raid on Harper's Ferry |
| Andrew Carnegie | 1835-1919 -Carnegie Steel, philanthropist, vertical & horizontal integration |
| Winston Churchill | 1874-1965 -British leader (Prime Minister at end of WWII) |
| Christopher Columbus | 1451-1506 -First European to land in Americas |
| Jefferson Davis | 1808-1889 -President of Confederate States of America |
| Eugene V. Debs | 1855-1926 -5 time Pres candidate -Socialist Party of America |
| Stephen A. Douglas | 1813-1861 -Illinois Senator -debated Lincoln -popular sovereignty |
| W.E.B. Dubois | 1868-1963 -Founder of NAACP |
| Thomas Edison | 1847-1931 -Invented incandescent electric light bulb,1880 -phonograph, 1878 |
| Archduke Ferdinand | 1863-1914 -Serbian leader -his assassination triggered WWI |
| Henry Ford | 1863-1947 -assembly line, standardized parts; affordable automobiles, 1920's |
| Benjamin Franklin | 1706-1790 -enlightenment thinker; revolutionary leader; printer |
| King George | 1738-1820 -British monarch during the American Revolution |
| Alexander Hamilton | 1755-1804 -author of the federalist papers; first secretary of the treasury |
| Adolf Hitler | 1889-1945 -dictator who headed Germany's Nazi party,1933-1945 |
| Ho Chi Minh | 1890-1969 -communist ruler of north Vietnam, 1954-1969 |
| Sam Houston | 1793-1863 -first president of the republic of Texas |
| "Mother" Jones | 1830-1930 -leader of women's labor movement, 1867-1930 |
| Florence Kelley | 1859-1932 Progressive-era reformer; campaigned for child-labor law |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | 1929-1968 Civil rights leader; 1964 Nobel Peace Prize |
| Henry Kissinger | 1923- National security adviser ti President Nixon |
| Abolition | The ending of legal slavery |
| American Indian Movement | AIM- formed in 1968 to work for Native American rights |
| Anarchist | a person who opposes all forms of government |
| Antebellum | belonging to the period before the civil war |
| Assimilation | minority groups adaptation to the dominant |
| Berlin airlift | U.S. and Britain dropped supplies into West Berlin, blockaded by Soviet, 1948 |
| Berlin Wall | Prevented citizens from moving between East and West Berlin, 1961-1989 |
| Bessemer process | Cheap, efficient way to make steel, developed c. 1850 |
| Black codes | laws, in southern states after the Civil war, to limit rights of African Americans |
| Blacklist | Those barred from working in Hollywood because of alleged Communist connections |
| Black Panther | Militant political organization to combat police brutality and provide services in African-American ghettos, founded1966 |
| Black Power | Slogan revived by Stokely Carmicheal in the 1960's to encourage black pride and leadership |
| Bleeding Kansas | Description of the antebellum Kansas Territory, due to conflict over slavery |
| Bootlegger | Smuggler of illegal alcoholic beverages during Prohibition |
| Boycott | refusal to have economic relations with a person or group |
| Buying on Margin | Purchasing stock or bonds on credit |
| Capitalism | Economic system in which private individuals and corporations control the means of and earn profit on them |
| Colonization | Establishment of outlining settlements by a parent country |
| Communism | Political and economic philosophy of one party government and state ownership of property |
| Concentration camp | Prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other minorities were murdered or forced into slave labor |
| Confederation | Alliance of states or nations acting together for mutual benefit |
| D-Day | Allied invasion of mainland Europe June 6, 1944 |
| Depression | Very severe and prolonged contraction of economic activity |
| Double Standard | Granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women |
| Draft | legally required military service |
| Dust bowl | Areas of Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas hard-hit by drought and dust storms, 1930's |
| Electoral College | Group selected by states to elect president and vice-president; number of electors equals Congressional representation of each state |
| Emancipation | Freeing of slaves |
| Executive Branch | Administers and enforces laws |
| Fascism | Political philosophy that advocates centralized dictatorial nationalistic government |
| Federalist | Supporter of the Constitution and strong national government |
| Free enterprise | Economic system based on private property, free markets, and individuals making most economic decisions |
| Fundamentalism | Protestant religious movement based on belief in literal truth of the Bible |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Market value of all goods and services produced in a country in a certain time period |
| Treaty of Paris | 1783 -ended the American Revolution with England |
| Louisiana Purchase | 1803 -America acquired Louisiana territory from France, doubled size of the country |
| Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo | 1848 -ended war with Mexico , US the Mexican Cession |
| Treaty of Versailles | 1918 -ended WWI -German reparations and war-guilt clause -League of Nations, U. S, doesn't sign |
| NATO | 1949 -mutual defense pact among U.S. , Canada, and ten Western European allies |
| 1st Amendment | 5 Freedoms -speech, separation of church and state, press, assembly, right to petition |
| 2nd Amendment | Right to Bear Arms |
| 3rd Amendment | No Quartering of troops |
| 4th Amendment | Search and Seizure |
| 5th Amendment | Rights of accused persons |
| 6th Amendment | Right to speedy, public trial. |
| 7th Amendment | Right to trial by jury in civil cases. |
| 8th Amendment | Limits of fines and punishments |
| 9th Amendment | Rights of the people |
| 10th Amendment | rights of the states |
| 13th Amendment | Slavery abolished (1865) |
| 14th Amendment | Civil Rights (1868) |
| 15th Amendment | Right to vote (1870) |
| 16th Amendment | Income tax (1913) |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition (1919) |
| 19th Amendment | Woman Suffrage (1920) |
| 21st Amendment | Repeal of Prohibition (1933) |
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