1.
"Mother" Jones: 1830-1930
-leader of women's labor movement, 1867-1930
2.
1st Amendment: 5 Freedoms
-speech, separation of church and state, press, assembly, right to petition
3.
2nd Amendment: Right to Bear Arms
4.
3rd Amendment: No Quartering of troops
5.
4th Amendment: Search and Seizure
6.
5th Amendment: Rights of accused persons
7.
6th Amendment: Right to speedy, public trial.
8.
7th Amendment: Right to trial by jury in civil cases.
9.
8th Amendment: Limits of fines and punishments
10.
9th Amendment: Rights of the people
11.
10th Amendment: rights of the states
12.
13th Amendment: Slavery abolished (1865)
13.
14th Amendment: Civil Rights (1868)
14.
15th Amendment: Right to vote (1870)
15.
16th Amendment: Income tax (1913)
16.
18th Amendment: Prohibition (1919)
17.
19th Amendment: Woman Suffrage (1920)
18.
21st Amendment: Repeal of Prohibition (1933)
19.
Abolition: The ending of legal slavery
20.
Adolf Hitler: 1889-1945
-dictator who headed Germany's Nazi party,1933-1945
21.
Alexander Graham Bell: 1847-1922
-Invented telephone (1876)
22.
Alexander Hamilton: 1755-1804
-author of the federalist papers; first secretary of the treasury
23.
American Indian Movement: AIM- formed in 1968 to work for Native American rights
24.
Anarchist: a person who opposes all forms of government
25.
Andrew Carnegie: 1835-1919
-Carnegie Steel, philanthropist, vertical & horizontal integration
26.
Antebellum: belonging to the period before the civil war
27.
Archduke Ferdinand: 1863-1914
-Serbian leader
-his assassination triggered WWI
28.
Assimilation: minority groups adaptation to the dominant
29.
Benjamin Franklin: 1706-1790
-enlightenment thinker; revolutionary leader; printer
30.
Berlin airlift: U.S. and Britain dropped supplies into West Berlin, blockaded by Soviet, 1948
31.
Berlin Wall: Prevented citizens from moving between East and West Berlin, 1961-1989
32.
Bessemer process: Cheap, efficient way to make steel, developed c. 1850
33.
Black codes: laws, in southern states after the Civil war, to limit rights of African Americans
34.
Black Panther: Militant political organization to combat police brutality and provide services in African-American ghettos, founded1966
35.
Black Power: Slogan revived by Stokely Carmicheal in the 1960's to encourage black pride and leadership
36.
Blacklist: Those barred from working in Hollywood because of alleged Communist connections
37.
Bleeding Kansas: Description of the antebellum Kansas Territory, due to conflict over slavery
38.
Bootlegger: Smuggler of illegal alcoholic beverages during Prohibition
39.
Boycott: refusal to have economic relations with a person or group
40.
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka: 1954-overturned Plessy vs Ferguson, mandated desegregation
41.
Buying on Margin: Purchasing stock or bonds on credit
42.
Capitalism: Economic system in which private individuals and corporations control the means of and earn profit on them
43.
Christopher Columbus: 1451-1506
-First European to land in Americas
44.
Civil Rights Movement: Nonviolent protest- voting rights, desegregation; federal support vs.states' resistance; Black Power and urban riots.
45.
Civil War and Reconstruction: War over states' rights to secede and emancipation: union preserved; new rights for African Americans
46.
Cold War: Tension between U.S. and Communist USSR; threat of nuclear war; McCarthyism.
47.
Colonization: Establishment of outlining settlements by a parent country
48.
Communism: Political and economic philosophy of one party government and state ownership of property
49.
Concentration camp: Prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other minorities were murdered or forced into slave labor
50.
Confederation: Alliance of states or nations acting together for mutual benefit
51.
D-Day: Allied invasion of mainland Europe June 6, 1944
52.
Depression: Very severe and prolonged contraction of economic activity
53.
Double Standard: Granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women
54.
Draft: legally required military service
55.
Dred Scott vs Sandford: 1857-ruled that African Americans were not citizens of the U.S.
56.
Dust bowl: Areas of Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas hard-hit by drought and dust storms, 1930's
57.
Electoral College: Group selected by states to elect president and vice-president; number of electors equals Congressional representation of each state
58.
Emancipation: Freeing of slaves
59.
Eugene V. Debs: 1855-1926
-5 time Pres candidate
-Socialist Party of America
60.
Executive Branch: Administers and enforces laws
61.
Fascism: Political philosophy that advocates centralized dictatorial nationalistic government
62.
Federalist: Supporter of the Constitution and strong national government
63.
Florence Kelley: 1859-1932
Progressive-era reformer; campaigned for child-labor law
64.
Free enterprise: Economic system based on private property, free markets, and individuals making most economic decisions
65.
Fundamentalism: Protestant religious movement based on belief in literal truth of the Bible
66.
Great Depression: World trade declines, banks fail, high unemployment, urban and rural poverty, New Deal expands role of federal government.
67.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Market value of all goods and services produced in a country in a certain time period
68.
Henry Ford: 1863-1947
-assembly line, standardized parts; affordable automobiles, 1920's
69.
Henry Kissinger: 1923-
National security adviser ti President Nixon
70.
Ho Chi Minh: 1890-1969
-communist ruler of north Vietnam, 1954-1969
71.
Holocaust: systematic murder of 11 million Jews and other people by Nazis before and during World War II
72.
Imperialism: Policy of extending national influence over other countries by political, economic, or military means
73.
Industrial Revolution: the change in society that occurred through replacing hand tools with machines and developed large-scale industry, late 19th-early 20th-century.
74.
Inflation: increase in prices or decline in purchasing power caused by an increase in the supply of money.
75.
Jefferson Davis: 1808-1889
-President of Confederate States of America
76.
Jim Crow Laws: Southern laws that separated whites and blacks.
77.
John Brown: 1800-1859
-Extreme abolitionist,
-led raid on Harper's Ferry
78.
John C. Calhoun: 1782-1850
-Vice Pres, Nullification theory
79.
judicial branch: interprets the laws and Constitution.
80.
King George: 1738-1820
-British monarch during the American Revolution
81.
Korean War: war between North (supported by China) and South (supported by U.S. and U.N.) Korea, 1950-1953
82.
legislative branch: makes laws
83.
Louisiana Purchase: 1803
-America acquired Louisiana territory from France, doubled size of the country
84.
Loyalist: a colonist who supported the British government during the American Revolution.
85.
Manhattan Project: secret U.S. program to develop the atomic bomb during WWII
86.
manifest destiny: 19th-century belief that the US. would expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory.
87.
Marbury vs Madison: 1803-established the principle of judicial review
88.
Martin Luther King Jr.: 1929-1968
Civil rights leader; 1964 Nobel Peace Prize
89.
McCarthyism: making or threatening to make public accusations of disloyalty without offering evidence, as done by Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950's.
90.
Miranda vs Arizona: 1966-police required to inform all criminal suspects of their constitutional rights, "Miranda Rights," before questioning
-right to remain silent
-warning that what suspect says can be used against them
-can have attorney before and during questioning
91.
monopoly: complete control of an industry by a single company
92.
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to promote racial equality
93.
nationalism: devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation
94.
NATO: 1949
-mutual defense pact among U.S. , Canada, and ten Western European allies
95.
Nazism: Hitler's political philosophy based on nationalism, racism, and military expansionism in 1930's Germany.
96.
New Deal: President Franklin Roosevelt's program to alleviate problems for the Great Depression.
97.
nullification: a state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress it considers unconstitutional.
98.
Panama Canal: artificial waterway built to facilitate travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, opened 1914.
99.
Patriot: colonist who supported American independence.
100.
Plessy vs Ferguson: 1896-Established the principle of "separate but equal"
101.
poll tax: an annual tax formerly required of voters in some Southern states.
102.
Progressive Era: Reform- urban problems; temperance, government and business corruption; women's rights.
103.
progressive movement: early 20th-century reform movement focused on quality of life as well as business and government corruption.
104.
prohibition: banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages.
105.
Puritan: committed to removing all trace of Roman Catholic ritual from the Church of England.
106.
Reconstruction: period of rebuilding after the Civil War, former Confederate states readmitted to the Union.
107.
republic: government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
108.
Revolutionary Era: Maturing colonial economies; increasing tension with Great Britain leads to war with Great Britain
109.
Roaring Twenties: Business booms, superficial prosperity; new lifestyles for women; growth of mass media; Red scarce.
110.
Roe vs Wade: 1973-gave women the right to seek abortion in the first three months of pregnancy
111.
Sam Houston: 1793-1863
-first president of the republic of Texas
112.
Samuel Adams: 1722-1803
-Revolutionary leader, Sons of Liberty,anti-federalist
113.
Scopes trial: 1925 trial over the teaching of evolution in Tennessee
114.
secession: formal with drawl of a state from the Union.
115.
segregation: separation of people based on race
116.
Stephen A. Douglas: 1813-1861
-Illinois Senator
-debated Lincoln
-popular sovereignty
117.
Susan B. Anthony: 1820-1906
-Women's Rights Leader, Women's Suffrage,
-NWSA (National Woman Suffrage Association)
118.
Thomas Edison: 1847-1931
-Invented incandescent electric light bulb,1880
-phonograph, 1878
119.
Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo: 1848
-ended war with Mexico , US the Mexican Cession
120.
Treaty of Paris: 1783
-ended the American Revolution with England
121.
Treaty of Versailles: 1918
-ended WWI
-German reparations and war-guilt clause
-League of Nations, U. S, doesn't sign
122.
Vietnam War: Domino theory- contain communism; war divides the country- campus protest, draft resistance.
123.
W.E.B. Dubois: 1868-1963
-Founder of NAACP
124.
Westward Expansion: growth in transportation and industry; Jacksonian democracy; Manifest Destiny; removal of Native Americans
125.
Winston Churchill: 1874-1965
-British leader (Prime Minister at end of WWII)
126.
World War I: European conflict challenges U.S. policy of neutrality; Allied victory makes the world safe for democracy.
127.
World War II: Dictators threaten world peace on 2 fronts- Europe and Pacific; mobilizes U.S. economy and industry; U.S. a world leader.
