5 Written Questions

1. adenosine triphosphate; the body's energy source produce from fat, carbs (glucose) and some protein
2. tendon organ/part of nervous system protecting the muscle from too much contractile force; causes muscle to relax
3. 1. appropriate activity: rhythmic large muscle movements; 2. freq: 3X weekly; 3. duration: 10-20 min per session; 4. intensity: 50-80% VO2 max
4. Karvonen formula error for client with overexertion during aerobics w/max HR within range
5. characteristic of slow-twitch muscle fibers

5 Matching Questions

1. 3,500
2. mitochondria
3. sarcomeres
4. Muscle stores little CP and ATP
5. creatine phosphate system

1. a repeating units running the length of each muscle fiber
2. b site of ATP production in cells; the more mitochondria - the more aerobic energy production capability of the cell
3. c primary limitation of producing ATP in the phosphagen system
4. d calories that must be burned to lose 1 pound
5. e secondary source anaerobic ATP (to glycogen); high energy phosphate molecule store in cells; can be used to resynthesize ATP immediately; system of energy transfer for resynthesis of ATP without oxygen via breakdown of the CP molecule

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells
   1. Isotonic
   2. anaerobic
   3. hemoglobin
   4. aerobic
2. slow speed of contraction & high capacity for aerobic glycolysis (e.g., marathon runner)
   1. optimum fitness
   2. slow twitch muscle fiber
   3. lactic acid
   4. Contractile force
3. 1. CNS sends nerve impulse; 2. sufficient ATP near actin and myosin protein; 3. myosin heads/filamints attach to actin to form crossbridge; 4. myosin pulls actin to the center; 5. sacromere shortens/contraction occurs
   1. ejection fraction
   2. sliding filament theory
   3. actin and myosin
   4. diastole
4. primary energy source for runner 45-60 min @ 65% VO2 max
   1. glycogen
   2. glucose and fatty acid
   3. lactic acid
   4. actin and myosin
5. decreased blood flow to the heart leading to insufficient oxygen to the heart and chest pain or angina
   1. isotonic
   2. isokinetic
   3. mitochondria
   4. ischemia

5 True/False Questions

1. anaerobic threshold → point during high intensity exercise when the body can no longer meet its oxygen needs and switches to anaerobic metabolism; 50-80% maximum effort

   True        False

2. fast twitch muscle fiber → fast speed of contraction & high capacity for anaerobic glycolysis (e.g., sprinter, power lifter)

   True        False

3. 50-80% → max O2 consumption for general fitness improvement

   True        False

4. benefit of cv fitness → heart spends more time in relaxation phase/diastole -- at rest or during exercise

   True        False

5. Inability to extract O2 and use it at the muscle efficiently → more capillaries; more mitochondria & more activity of mitochondrial enzymes

   True        False