Ch 27- WWI- 1
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Created by:
andrewadorelefrancais on March 20, 2012
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Why did Euro citizens and governments believe they would have a quick war? | -Europ had model of quick wars (Prussian conquer of Belgium , Austria, France; ect.) -should have looked to US civil war as model, but didn't. sucks for them |
| Bismarck's Aims for his country | -keep France isolated (encourages Fr imperialism) -keep A-H and R out of war with them -Had complicated alliances that no one got except Bismark |
| Bismarck's Alliances: | Bismarck sets something up that no one understands -alliances contradict other alliances -all very strategic -to avoid European war (b/c Germany will be battleground) -3 emporers league, dual alliance, Rome-Berlin-Vienna, Romanian Treaty, Reinsurance treaty |
| Reinsurance Treaty: | Treaty between Russia and Germany, so Germany doesn't have a two front war. -after Bismark gets fired, treaty dies, Russia partners with France. |
| Leon Caprivi | the guy who takes over after bismarcks -once said that he pities the fool who has to do bismarck's job, now he has to do it. -pretty much sucks at it |
| Germany after Reinsurance Treaty collapses: | German Man #1: "we need an alliance" German Man #2:"ok, so obviously not Russia or France, what about Britain? British Dude: "Pip pip cheerio! no! we don't want an alliance with you! German Man: But we're related ethnically! We would dominate! British Dude: but your navy is so strong and we want to crush it so we can be the best |
| Moroccan Crisis: | Br and Fr enter alliance, Germany wants to test that alliance, and hold Moroccan port hostage, demanding colony concessions. -This is a big deal..... just take my word for it |
| Why is Germany causing problems | -late to industrialize --> so they don't have colonies fears that they will fall behind |
| THE BALKANS, DUH DUH DUH!! | Powder Keg of Europe -one area of Europe thats not settled -nationalism an unsolvable mess |
| Why does Austria want influence in the Balkans | -Russia wants ports, and that ain't happenin' -ethnic connection with slavs -failure of German Confederation |
| What sucks about being Serbia? | -its not a level playing field -ethnic mess (due to intermixing of turks) -independent Serbian state makes sense, but not really, because there are tons of ethnic groups and should they get countries too? |
| Congress of Berlin (1878) | -nationalism destroying Ottoman Empire and Aus-Hung -A-H obtained right to "occupy and administer" Bosnia and Herzgovina -Serbia and Romania got independence -part of Bulgaria won local autonomy +newly indep states bound to be losers |
| Causes of 1st Balkan War: | -Bosnian Crisis Serbs (slavic) looked to slavic russia for support against A-H -to block this, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzgovina (1908) -Serbia erupts in rage, but can't do anything without Russia |
| 1st Balkan War: | Serbia Greece, and Blugaria joined to attack Ottoman Empire -Ottomans lose, others fight over spoils of victory-->2nd Balkan War |
| 2nd Balkan War (1913) | Serbia, Ottomans, Greece, Montenegro against Bulgaria (who loses) -Nationalism finally destroyed Ottoman Empire -Balkan nationalists hoped Austria would be next to be broken apart |
| "3rd Balkan War" (1914) | Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated! (June 28, 1914) -Austria tries to severely punish Serbia -presents Serbia with unconditional ultimatum, cede the serbian state. -"no" Lets fight about it. -Germany gives blank check |
| Russia getting involved: | -half mobilizes army (takes forever) -and because of train system, you can't go to Balkans, you have to go through Germany, who acts |
| Schlieffen Plan | Germany's attempt to avoid a two front war -knock out Fr first with lightnig attack through neutral Belgium -trap France's army inside Germany |
| Why does the Schlieffen Plan fall apart? | 1) can't go through Fr fast enough. resistance in Belgium 2) The Germans in the south who are supposed to retreat, don't retreat 3) Russia mobilizes faster than expected and G had to pull troops to eastern front |
| Western Front: | Trench Warfare: bc of machine guns -really horrible. lots of death, no land gain. +Battle of the Marne, Somme, Verdun, Passchendale |
| Eastern Front | bigger, more movements Russia initially does well (becuase the Germans are in France) but then eventually Russia gets slaughtered in balles of Tannenberg and Massurian lakes |
| the Russian Army | a complete mess -fact that they survive 3 years is incredible -25% don't even have guns |
| Italian Front: | mainly a fight between Italy and Austria -battle of Copparletto -Austrian victory over italians -italians are divided, not strong -Fr+ Br come in and stop onslaught -draws troops away from other fronts |
| Ottoman (Balkan) Front | Battle of Galipoli -Fr+Br attempt to get supplies to Russia in Galipoli, but fail -need to try other methods of taking down Ottomans (lawrence of Arabia) |
| Lawrence of Arabia | convinced the people in middle east to rebel -helps lead arab revolt of 1917 -revolutionary change to the middle east |
| Asian Front | Mainly Japan going against German colonies in South Pacific and China (makes China angry) |
| African Front: | Fr takes lots of Germany's stuff -provides crucial supplies |
| How the US gets involved | Germany sinks Lusitania, US angry Zimmerman telegraph-Germany says if Mexico declares war on US, all lost provinces will be returned. Mexico=no but angers US |
| What happens when the British embargo everything in continental Europe | -US really mad (almost fight a war) -but Br simply buys everything us wants to sell -creates lots of debt to US, but its money that they can only get back when they win. smart |
| Spanish Flu (1918) | flu strain arrives in Spain from US, then spreads, killing 75 million people. |
| Total War: | -all of countries resources toward war effort -free-market capitalism abandoned -Rationing, price, and wage controls, restrictions on worker's freedom --->Socialism strengthened (not just utopian idea anymore) |
| War Raw materials board | In Germany, everything was rationized -created to ration and distribute raw materials -produced synthetic rubber and nitrates (explosives) -aggressive recycling campaign |
| effect on woman in society | -role of women changed dramatically -large numbers of women left home and domestic service to work in industry, transportation, and offices -become highly visible (banktellers, nurses, police officers) -Women wear less clothing! |
| Equalizing effect on society | -with full employment, rationing, sharing of hardships, people become more uniform and equal |
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