| Term | Definition |
| to subvert | to overthrow (something established) |
| collusion | a secret agreement (esp. for fraudulent or treacherous purposes); conspiracy |
| amelioration | an improvement |
| vitriolic (vi-tree-ol-ik) | caustic, bitter (criticism) |
| derelict | abandoned (ship) |
| to countenance | to permit or tolerate (cheating) |
| to abdicate | to renounce or relinquish (a throne, right, power, claim, responsibility) |
| impetus | An impelling force; an impulse |
| sullen | gloomy |
| abstruse | hard to understand |
| to drawl | to speak slooooooooooowly |
| to scintillate | to sparkle; flash |
| to pare | to peel |
| to saunter | to walk with a leisurely gait; stroll |
| apostate | a person who forsakes his religion |
| to meander | to wander aimlessly |
| denizen | an inhabitant; resident; a regular (the __s at the local bar) |
| potentate [poht-n-teyt] | a monarch |
| perjury | lying under oath |
| pride | a group of lions |
| (to/a) gaggle | [to cackle] or [a flock of geese] |
| petulant | irritable |
| medicant | medicine |