Chpt 18 Hilton
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 virus | disease causing, nonliving particles composed of an inner core of nucleic acids surrounded by a capsid |
| host cell | living cell in which a virus replicates. |
| baceteriaphage | also called phages, viruses that infect and destroy baceteria. |
| capsid | outer coat of proteins that surrounds a virus's inner core of nucleic acid. |
| lytic cycle | viral replication in which a virus takes over a host cell's genetic material and uses the host cell's structure and energy to replicate until the host cells burst, killing it. |
| lysogenic cycle | ciral replication cycle in which the virus's nucleic acid is integregated into a host cells chromosome. |
| provirus | viral DNA that is integregated into a host cells chromosome and replicated each time the host cell replicates. |
| retrovirus | type of viral replication where a virus uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA from viral RNA. |
| reverse transcriptase | enzyme carried in the capsid of a retrovirus that helps produce viral DNA for viral RNA |
| prion | a virus like infectious agent composed of only protein with no genetic material. |
| vivroid | virus like infectious agent that is composed of only a single, circular strand of DNA. |
| chemosynthesis | autotrophic process wehre organisms obtain energy from the breakdown of inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen. |
| binary fussion | asexual reproductive process in which one cell divides into tow seperate genetically identical cells. |
| conjugation | form of sexual reproduction in some baceteria where on baceteriam transfers all of part of its genetic material to another. |
| obligate aerobes | baceteria that require oxygen for cellular respiration. |
| obligate anerobes | baceteria that are killed by oxygen and can survive only in oxygen free enviornments. |
| endospore | structural formed by baceteria during inffavorable conditions that caontains DNA and a small amount of cytoplasm encased by a protective outer covering. |
| toxin | poison produced by a baceterium. |
| nitrogen fixation | metabolic process in which baceteria use enzymes to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. |
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