Science Chapter 20
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Created by:
Carson_Green on March 20, 2012
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 2 types of electric charges | positive and negative |
| What kind of charge does a proton have? | positive charge |
| What kind of charge does an electron have? | negative charge |
| Like charges ???? each other | repel |
| different charges ???? each other | attract |
| electric fields | area that surrounds a charge, exerts a force |
| electric fields around single charges | strongest where lines are closest together |
| electric fields around multiple charges | resulting field is altered, fields combine |
| static charge | in matter, each positive charge is balanced by each negative charge resulting in an overall neutral charge |
| charged objects | protons are tightly bound, but ELECTRONS CAN FLOW FREELY. |
| insulators ???? their electrons | hold |
| conductors ????? their electrons | give up |
| static electricity | the build up on charges on an object. |
| in static electricity, charges build up but do not ???? | flow |
| friction | the transfer of electrons from one object to another by RUBBING |
| conduction | the transfer of electrons from a charged object to another object by DIRECT CONTACT |
| induction | movement of electrons to one part of an object CAUSED BY THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF ANOTHER OBJECT |
| conservation of charge | CHARGES ARE NOT CREATED OR DESTROYED, only moved or transferred |
| static cling | clothes rub together in the dryer and some electrons rub off. this results in POSITIVELY CHARGED OBJECTS AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED OBJECTS, so they stick together |
| static discharge | when a negatively and positively charged object are brought together, electrons move until both objects have the same charge. results in a loss of static electricity |
| humidity | extra electrons are carried off by molecules of water in the air, PREVENTING A BUILDUP OF STATIC CHARGE |
| lightening is an example of ??? | static discharge |
| electroscope | instrument used to detect static charge |
| electrical potential | the potential energy per unit of electric charge |
| voltage | potential difference caused by current to flow through an electric current |
| voltage sources | create a potential difference in an electric circuit |
| resistance | opposition to the flow of a charge offered by the material through which it travels |
| current depends on resistance | the greater the resistance, the less current there is for a given voltage |
| path of least resistance | electric current will travel the path with the lower resistance |
| voltmeter | used to measure potential difference |
| ammeter | used to measure current |
| Ohm's Law | resistance = voltage/current or Ohm's = volts/amps r=v/i, i=v/r, or v=ir |
| series circuits | when parts of an electric circuit are connected one after another |
| In a series circuit, there is only ??? path to take | one |
| In a series circuit, each part that is added to the circuit ???? resistances | increases |
| in a series circuit, ammeters must be connected??? | in series with a circuit to measure current |
| parallel circuits | different parts of the circuit are on separate branches |
| in a parallel circuit, there are ???? paths to take | several |
| in a parallel circuit, adding branches ????resistance on the circuit | reduces |
| in a parallel circuit, the voltmeter and the device should be wired ??? | in parallel |
| short circuit | a connection that allows current to take an unintended path |
| what happens if you touch an exposed wire? | current flows through your body |
| if you are standing in water, then your resistance to current is ??? | decreased |
| the soles of your shoes can ??? your resistance to current | increase |
| grounding | used so if short circuits, current will go directly to Earth |
| lightning rods | a metal rod mounted on the roof of a building in order to protect a building from lightning. It is connected to a grounding wire |
| fuses and circuits breakers are added to circuits to keep them from ?? | overheating |
| fuse | a device that contains a thin strip of metal that will melt if too much current flows through it |
| circuit breaker | a safety device that uses an electromagnet to shut off the circuit when the current gets too hight |
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