Chapter 5
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Created by:
cchowerton10 on March 20, 2012
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 igneous rock | rock formed by the solidification of molten magma |
| lava | rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos |
| extrusive | fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface |
| intrusive | rocks that form from magma below the surface |
| partial melting | the process by which different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures |
| fractional crystallization | The process by which the crystals formed in a cooling magma are segregated from the remaining liquid at progressively lower temperatures. |
| Bowen's reaction series | the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point |
| felsic | Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color. |
| mafic | describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color |
| ultramafic | Igneous rocks with low silica content and very high levels of magnesium and iron. Periodite, dunites, and doirite are examples. |
| porphyritic | (of rocks) consisting of porphyry or containing large crystals in a fine groundmass of minerals |
| pegmatite | a form of igneous rock consisting of extremely coarse granite resulting from the crystallization of magma rich in rare elements |
| kimberlite | a rare type of peridotite that sometimes contains diamonds |
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