Chapter 19: Animal Tissues & Organs
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nbennett713 on March 20, 2012
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Stem cells | A cell that can divide and create more stem cells or differentiate to become a specialized cell type |
| Tissues | A collection of one or more specific cell types that are organized in a way that suits them to a task. |
| What are the five types of tissues | 1. Connective 2. Epithelial 3. Muscle 4. Nervous 5. Specialized |
| Connective tissue | hold body parts together and provide structural support |
| Epithelial tissue | covers body surfaces and line interal cavities |
| Muscle tissue | move the body and its parts |
| Nervous tissue | detect stimuli and relay information |
| Organ | a structural unit that is composed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out a particular task. |
| Organ systems | 2 or more organs and other components interact physically, chemically or both in a common task. |
| Homeostasis | process of maintaining favorable conditions inside the body |
| Name the levels of animal structure in order | 1.Tissue 2. Organ 3. Organ system |
| What is special about Epithelial tissue? | Blood vessels do not run through them so nutrients reach cells by diffussing from vessels. Basement memberane connects the surface with the connective tissue |
| Name and discribe 5 types of Epithelial tissue | 1. Simple - 1 cell thick 2. Stratisfied - Multipule layers 3.Squamous - Lines blood vessels, heart, and lungs (flat sheets) 4. Cuboidal - Lines kideny tubules, ducts of glands, and oviducts (cube shaped) 5. Columnar - Lines airways and parts of the gut (Columns) |
| Glands | are organs that release substances onto the skin or into a body cavity or a body fluid |
| What are the 2 types of glands | 1. Exocrine glands 2. Endocrine glands |
| Exocrine glands | ducts or tubes that deliver their secretions onto an internal or external surface. Secrete mucus, saliva, tears, milk, digestive enzymes, and earwax. |
| Endocrine glands | glands have no ducts. Release their products, signaling hormones into some body fluid. |
| What is the tissue most likely to become cancerous | Epithelium |
| Fibroblast | main cell type in soft connective tissue; secretes collagen and other components of extracellular matrix. |
| Name the two types of connective tissue | 1. Loose 2. Dense |
| Loose connective tissue | has few fibroblasts and collagen fibers scattered widely in its matrix; Most common type in vertebrate bodies. Hold organs & epithelia in place. |
| Dense connective tissue and its 2 types | matrix packed full of fibroblasts and collagen fibers. 1. Irregular dense connective 2. Dense regular |
| Irregular dense connective tissue | fibers are oriented every which way. Makes up deep skin layers. Supports intestinal muscles & forms capsules around organs that do not stretch. |
| Dense regular connective tissue | has fibroblasts in orderly rows between parallel, tightly packed bundles of fibers; tendons & ligaments are examples |
| What are the four specialized connective tissues | 1. Cartilage 2. Adipose 3. Bone 4. Blood |
| Cartilage | connective tissue with cells surrounded by a rubbery matrix of their own secretions. |
| Adipose | fat storing cells; cushions and protects body parts, and a layer of this tissue under the skin serves as insulation |
| Bone | cells are surrounded by a calcium-hardened matrix. Main component of bones, which interact with skeletal muscles to move a body; support and protect internal organs |
| Blood | fluid connective tissue with cells that form inside bones. |
| What are the 3 muscle tissues | 1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth |
| Skeletal Muscle Tissues | striated, voluntary muscle that interacts with bone to move body parts. |
| Cardiac Muscle Tissues | striated, involuntary muscle of the heart wall |
| Smooth Muscle Tissue | non-striated, involuntary muscle that lines blood vessels and hollow organs |
| Neuron | - main type of cell in nervous tissue; transmits electrical signals along its plasma membrane and communicates with other cells through chemical messages. |
| Epidermis | outermost, epithelial skin layer. |
| Dermis | deep layer of skin that consists of connective tissue with nerves and blood vessels running through it. |
| Sensory receptor | is a cell or cell component that detects a specific stimulus |
| Negative feedback | is a process in which a change causes a response that reverses the change. |
| Tissues that have one side facing an external or an internal body surface are called ________ tissues | epithelial |
| Which of the following tissues is not a type of epithelial tissue? Adipose simple squamous stratified simple cuboidal | Adipose |
| Which of the following tissues is not a type of connective tissue? Bone muscle Blood Cartlidge | Muscle |
| Which of the following areas of the body is not a body cavity derived from the coelom? abdominal cavity thoracic cavity cranial cavity pelvic cavity | Cranial |
| The organ system that uses hormones to control body functions is the ________ system nervous integumentary reproductive endocrine | endocrine |
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